Prado CM, Lieffers JR, McCargar LJ et al (2008) Prevalence and clinical implications of sarcopenic obesity in patients with solid tumours of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts: a population-based study. Lancet Oncol 9(7):629–635
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Prado CM, Baracos VE, McCargar LJ et al (2007) Body composition as an independent determinant of 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy toxicity. Clin Cancer Res 13(11):3264–3268
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Antoun S, Baracos VE, Birdsell L, Escudier B, Sawyer MB (2010) Low body mass index and sarcopenia associated with dose-limiting toxicity of sorafenib in patients with renal cell carcinoma. Ann Oncol 21(8):1594–1598
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lieffers JR, Bathe OF, Fassbender K, Winget M, Baracos VE (2012) Sarcopenia is associated with postoperative infection and delayed recovery from colorectal cancer resection surgery. Br J Cancer 107(6):931–936
Article
CAS
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Cecchini S, Cavazzini E, Marchesi F, Sarli L, Roncoroni L (2011) Computed tomography volumetric fat parameters versus body mass index for predicting short-term outcomes of colon surgery. World J Surg 35(2):415–423
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Moon HG, Ju YT, Jeong CY et al (2008) Visceral obesity may affect oncologic outcome in patients with colorectal cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 15(7):1918–1922
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Thibault R, Genton L, Pichard C (2012) Body composition: why, when and for who? Clin Nutr 31(4):435–447
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Balentine CJ, Enriquez J, Fisher W et al (2010) Intra-abdominal fat predicts survival in pancreatic cancer. J Gastrointest Surg 14(11):1832–1837
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
World Health Organization (2000) Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic. Report of a WHO consultation. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser, 894:i-xii, 1–253
Clark W, Siegel EM, Chen YA et al (2013) Quantitative measures of visceral adiposity and body mass index in predicting rectal cancer outcomes after neoadjuvant chemoradiation. J Am Coll Surg 216(6):1070–1081
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rickles AS, Iannuzzi JC, Mironov O et al (2013) Visceral obesity and colorectal cancer: are we missing the boat with BMI? J Gastrointest Surg 17(1):133–143, discussion p 143
Lee CM, Huxley RR, Wildman RP, Woodward M (2008) Indices of abdominal obesity are better discriminators of cardiovascular risk factors than BMI: a meta-analysis. J Clin Epidemiol 61(7):646–653
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Zimmet P, Magliano D, Matsuzawa Y, Alberti G, Shaw J (2005) The metabolic syndrome: a global public health problem and a new definition. J Atheroscler Thromb 12(6):295–300
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Harding JL, Shaw JE, Anstey KJ et al (2015) Comparison of anthropometric measures as predictors of cancer incidence: A pooled collaborative analysis of 11 Australian cohorts. Int J Cancer. doi:10.1002/ijc.29529
PubMed
Google Scholar
Aune D, Navarro Rosenblatt DA, Chan DS et al (2015) Anthropometric factors and endometrial cancer risk: a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of prospective studies. Ann Oncol. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdv142
PubMed
Google Scholar
Steffen A, Huerta JM, Weiderpass E et al (2015) General and abdominal obesity and risk of esophageal and gastric adenocarcinoma in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Int J Cancer 137(3):646–657
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Roswall N, Freisling H, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB et al (2014) Anthropometric measures and bladder cancer risk: a prospective study in the EPIC cohort. Int J Cancer 135(12):2918–2929
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Fedirko V, Romieu I, Aleksandrova K et al (2014) Pre-diagnostic anthropometry and survival after colorectal cancer diagnosis in Western European populations. Int J Cancer 135(8):1949–1960
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Matsuzawa Y, Nakamura T, Shimomura I, Kotani K (1995) Visceral fat accumulation and cardiovascular disease. Obes Res 3(Suppl 5):645S–647S
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Tsujinaka S, Konishi F, Kawamura YJ et al (2008) Visceral obesity predicts surgical outcomes after laparoscopic colectomy for sigmoid colon cancer. Dis Colon Rectum 51(12):1757–1765, discussion 1765–1757
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hans TS, Seidell JC, Currall JE, Morrison CE, Deurenberg P, Lean ME (1997) The influences of height and age on waist circumference as an index of adiposity in adults. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 21(1):83–89
Article
Google Scholar
Schreiner PJ, Terry JG, Evans GW, Hinson WH, Crouse JR 3rd, Heiss G (1996) Sex-specific associations of magnetic resonance imaging-derived intra-abdominal and subcutaneous fat areas with conventional anthropometric indices. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Am J Epidemiol 144(4):335–345
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Matsuzawa Y, Shimomura I, Nakamura T, Keno Y, Kotani K, Tokunaga K (1995) Pathophysiology and pathogenesis of visceral fat obesity. Obes Res 3(Suppl 2):187S–194S
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ibrahim MM (2010) Subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue: structural and functional differences. Obes Rev 11(1):11–18
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Fox CS, Massaro JM, Hoffmann U et al (2007) Abdominal visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue compartments: association with metabolic risk factors in the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation 116(1):39–48
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Otake S, Takeda H, Suzuki Y et al (2005) Association of visceral fat accumulation and plasma adiponectin with colorectal adenoma: evidence for participation of insulin resistance. Clin Cancer Res 11(10):3642–3646
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
van Kruijsdijk RC, van der Wall E, Visseren FL (2009) Obesity and cancer: the role of dysfunctional adipose tissue. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 18(10):2569–2578
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Baumgartner RN, Koehler KM, Gallagher D et al (1998) Epidemiology of sarcopenia among the elderly in New Mexico. Am J Epidemiol 147(8):755–763
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Goodpaster BH, Park SW, Harris TB et al (2006) The loss of skeletal muscle strength, mass, and quality in older adults: the health, aging and body composition study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 61(10):1059–1064
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Baeyens JP, Bauer JM et al (2010) Sarcopenia: European consensus on definition and diagnosis: Report of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. Age Ageing 39(4):412–423
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Coker RH, Wolfe RR (2012) Bedrest and sarcopenia. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 15(1):7–11
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Muscaritoli M, Anker SD, Argiles J et al (2010) Consensus definition of sarcopenia, cachexia and pre-cachexia: joint document elaborated by Special Interest Groups (SIG) "cachexia-anorexia in chronic wasting diseases" and "nutrition in geriatrics". Clin Nutr 29(2):154–159
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Fearon K, Strasser F, Anker SD et al (2011) Definition and classification of cancer cachexia: an international consensus. Lancet Oncol 12(5):489–495
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Stenholm S, Harris TB, Rantanen T, Visser M, Kritchevsky SB, Ferrucci L (2008) Sarcopenic obesity: definition, cause and consequences. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 11(6):693–700
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Roubenoff R (2004) Sarcopenic obesity: the confluence of two epidemics. Obes Res 12(6):887–888
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Schrager MA, Metter EJ, Simonsick E et al (2007) Sarcopenic obesity and inflammation in the InCHIANTI study. J Appl Physiol (1985) 102(3):919–925
Article
Google Scholar
Evans WJ, Morley JE, Argiles J et al (2008) Cachexia: a new definition. Clin Nutr 27(6):793–799
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Thompson DL, Thompson WR, Prestridge TJ et al (1991) Effects of hydration and dehydration on body composition analysis: a comparative study of bioelectric impedance analysis and hydrodensitometry. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 31(4):565–570
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Yoshida D, Shimada H, Park H et al (2014) Development of an equation for estimating appendicular skeletal muscle mass in Japanese older adults using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Geriatr Gerontol Int 14(4):851–857
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Yoshida D, Suzuki T, Shimada H et al (2014) Using two different algorithms to determine the prevalence of sarcopenia. Geriatr Gerontol Int 14(Suppl 1):46–51
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Albanese CV, Diessel E, Genant HK (2003) Clinical applications of body composition measurements using DXA. J Clin Densitom 6(2):75–85
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rothney MP, Brychta RJ, Schaefer EV, Chen KY, Skarulis MC (2009) Body composition measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry half-body scans in obese adults. Obesity (Silver Spring) 17(6):1281–1286
Google Scholar
Laskey MA (1996) Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and body composition. Nutrition 12(1):45–51
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Duren DL, Sherwood RJ, Czerwinski SA et al (2008) Body composition methods: comparisons and interpretation. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2(6):1139–1146
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Shepherd JA, Fan B, Lu Y et al (2012) A multinational study to develop universal standardization of whole-body bone density and composition using GE Healthcare Lunar and Hologic DXA systems. J Bone Miner Res 27(10):2208–2216
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Tylavsky FA, Lohman TG, Dockrell M et al (2003) Comparison of the effectiveness of 2 dual-energy X-ray absorptiometers with that of total body water and computed tomography in assessing changes in body composition during weight change. Am J Clin Nutr 77(2):356–363
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Baracos VE, Reiman T, Mourtzakis M, Gioulbasanis I, Antoun S (2010) Body composition in patients with non-small cell lung cancer: a contemporary view of cancer cachexia with the use of computed tomography image analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 91(4):1133S–1137S
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Tan BH, Birdsell LA, Martin L, Baracos VE, Fearon KC (2009) Sarcopenia in an overweight or obese patient is an adverse prognostic factor in pancreatic cancer. Clin Cancer Res 15(22):6973–6979
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mourtzakis M, Prado CM, Lieffers JR, Reiman T, McCargar LJ, Baracos VE (2008) A practical and precise approach to quantification of body composition in cancer patients using computed tomography images acquired during routine care. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 33(5):997–1006
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mitsiopoulos N, Baumgartner RN, Heymsfield SB, Lyons W, Gallagher D, Ross R (1998) Cadaver validation of skeletal muscle measurement by magnetic resonance imaging and computerized tomography. J Appl Physiol (1985) 85(1):115–122
CAS
Google Scholar
Seidell JC, Bakker CJ, van der Kooy K (1990) Imaging techniques for measuring adipose-tissue distribution–a comparison between computed tomography and 1.5-T magnetic resonance. Am J Clin Nutr 51(6):953–957
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Brennan DD, Whelan PF, Robinson K et al (2005) Rapid automated measurement of body fat distribution from whole-body MRI. AJR Am J Roentgenol 185(2):418–423
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Shen W, Punyanitya M, Wang Z et al (2004) Total body skeletal muscle and adipose tissue volumes: estimation from a single abdominal cross-sectional image. J Appl Physiol (1985) 97(6):2333–2338
Article
Google Scholar
Warren M, Schreiner PJ, Terry JG (2006) The relation between visceral fat measurement and torso level—is one level better than another? The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, 1990–1992. Am J Epidemiol 163(4):352–358
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Balentine CJ, Marshall C, Robinson C et al (2010) Validating quantitative obesity measurements in colorectal cancer patients. J Surg Res 164(1):18–22
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Thibault R, Pichard C (2012) The evaluation of body composition: a useful tool for clinical practice. Ann Nutr Metab 60(1):6–16
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Foster MA, Hutchison JM, Mallard JR, Fuller M (1984) Nuclear magnetic resonance pulse sequence and discrimination of high- and low-fat tissues. Magn Reson Imaging 2(3):187–192
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Fowler PA, Fuller MF, Glasbey CA et al (1991) Total and subcutaneous adipose tissue in women: the measurement of distribution and accurate prediction of quantity by using magnetic resonance imaging. Am J Clin Nutr 54(1):18–25
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Machann J, Thamer C, Schnoedt B et al (2005) Standardized assessment of whole body adipose tissue topography by MRI. J Magn Reson Imaging 21(4):455–462
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Abate N, Burns D, Peshock RM, Garg A, Grundy SM (1994) Estimation of adipose tissue mass by magnetic resonance imaging: validation against dissection in human cadavers. J Lipid Res 35(8):1490–1496
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Abate N, Garg A, Coleman R, Grundy SM, Peshock RM (1997) Prediction of total subcutaneous abdominal, intraperitoneal, and retroperitoneal adipose tissue masses in men by a single axial magnetic resonance imaging slice. Am J Clin Nutr 65(2):403–408
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Coombs BD, Szumowski J, Coshow W (1997) Two-point Dixon technique for water-fat signal decomposition with B0 inhomogeneity correction. Magn Reson Med 38(6):884–889
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dixon WT (1984) Simple proton spectroscopic imaging. Radiology 153(1):189–194
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Glover GH, Schneider E (1991) Three-point Dixon technique for true water/fat decomposition with B0 inhomogeneity correction. Magn Reson Med 18(2):371–383
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Liu M, Chino N, Ishihara T (1993) Muscle damage progression in Duchenne muscular dystrophy evaluated by a new quantitative computed tomography method. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 74(5):507–514
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Visser M, Kritchevsky SB, Goodpaster BH et al (2002) Leg muscle mass and composition in relation to lower extremity performance in men and women aged 70 to 79: the health, aging and body composition study. J Am Geriatr Soc 50(5):897–904
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Martin L, Birdsell L, Macdonald N et al (2013) Cancer cachexia in the age of obesity: skeletal muscle depletion is a powerful prognostic factor, independent of body mass index. J Clin Oncol 31(12):1539–1547
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Awad S, Tan BH, Cui H et al (2012) Marked changes in body composition following neoadjuvant chemotherapy for oesophagogastric cancer. Clin Nutr 31(1):74–77
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Yip C, Goh V, Davies A et al (2014) Assessment of sarcopenia and changes in body composition after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and associations with clinical outcomes in oesophageal cancer. Eur Radiol 24(5):998–1005
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Prado CM, Baracos VE, McCargar LJ et al (2009) Sarcopenia as a determinant of chemotherapy toxicity and time to tumor progression in metastatic breast cancer patients receiving capecitabine treatment. Clin Cancer Res 15(8):2920–2926
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Griggs JJ, Mangu PB, Anderson H et al (2012) Appropriate chemotherapy dosing for obese adult patients with cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline. J Clin Oncol 30(13):1553–1561
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Huxley R, Mendis S, Zheleznyakov E, Reddy S, Chan J (2010) Body mass index, waist circumference and waist:hip ratio as predictors of cardiovascular risk–a review of the literature. Eur J Clin Nutr 64(1):16–22
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar