Table 5 Comparison of mean measurements for trochlear morphology and patellofemoral joint alignment in athletes with SHFP edema between baseline and 48-month follow-up

Trochlear anatomy

 Trochlear sulcus depth^a (mm)

5.44 ± 1.22

7.24 ± 1.47

 < 0.001

 Trochlear sulcus angle^a (degree)

136.65 ± 6.53

123.09 ± 10.98

 < 0.001

 Lateral trochlear sulcus angle^a (degree)

20.74 ± 3.66

27.53 ± 6.69

0.006

 Medial trochlear sulcus angle^a (degree)

22.39 ± 5.92

29.52 ± 7.08

 < 0.001

 Trochlear angle^a (degree)

3.76 ± 2.33

3.49 ± 1.88

0.132

 TT-TG^a (mm)

6.59 ± 2.27

8.74 ± 1.83

0.01

Patella anatomy

 Patella tilt angle^a (degree)

5.07 ± 4.35

11.44 ± 5.94

0.001

 Insall‒Salvati ratio^a

1.29 ± 0.15

1.30 ± 0.14

0.685

 PL-T^a (mm)

3.51 ± 1.10

5.26 ± 2.05

0.001