Table 2 Univariate analysis for the variables of clinic, radiology and DECT for differentiating between low and high Ki-67 expression sets in the training cohort

BMI

22.40 ± 2.84

22.00 ± 2.50

2.112

0.538

CEA (%)

0.337

0.562

 Normal

52 (67.5)

17 (73.9)

 Elevated

25 (32.5)

6 (26.1)

CA-125 (%)

0.978

0.323

 Normal

49 (63.6)

12 (52.2)

 Elevated

28 (36.4)

11 (47.8)

CA-199 (%)

3.391

0.066

 Normal

19 (24.7)

1 (4.3)

 Elevated

58 (75.3)

22 (95.7)

Tumour location (%)

0.325

0.568

 Head and neck

55 (71.4)

15 (65.2)

 Body and tail

22 (28.6)

8 (34.8)

CT-reported T stage (%)

0.076

0.782

 T1–T2

41 (53.2)

13 (56.5)

 T3–T4

36 (46.8)

10 (43.5)

CT-reported regional LN status (%)

10.36

 < 0.001

 Negative

45 (58.4)

4 (17.4)

 Positive

32 (41.6)

19 (82.6)

Parenchyma atrophy (%)

1.502

0.220

 Negative

51 (66.2)

12 (52.2)

 Positive

26 (33.8)

11 (47.8)

Pancreatic duct expansion (%)

0.034

0.854

 Negative

25 (32.5)

7 (30.4)

 Positive

52 (67.5)

16 (69.6)

Vessels invasion (%)

0.088

0.766

 Negative

56 (72.7)

16 (69.6)

 Positive

21 (27.3)

7 (30.4)

Extrapancreatic perineural invasion status (%)

0.008

0.928

 Negative

51 (66.2)

15 (65.2)

 Positive

26 (33.8)

8 (34.8)

NIC of AP

0.09 (0.07, 0.12)

0.06 (0.04, 0.08)

 − 3.051

0.002

NZeff of AP

0.66 (0.64, 0.67)

0.64 (0.61, 0.65)

 − 1.994

0.046

λHU of AP

1.09 (0.78, 1.42)

0.77 (0.58, 1.03)

 − 3.94

 < 0.001

NIC of PVP

0.33 (0.30, 0.39)

0.24 (0.22, 0.29)

 − 4.902

 < 0.001

NZeff of PVP

0.86 (0.84, 0.87)

0.83 (0.80, 0.84)

 − 4.149

 < 0.001

λHU of PVP

2.48 ± 0.66

1.69 ± 0.44

3.354

 < 0.001

ECVf (%*)

34.70 (31.72, 37.87)

26.15 (20.97, 31.02)

 − 5.197

 < 0.001