Fig. 3

Capecitabine-induced leukoencephalopathy. An elderly patient on capecitabine for colon adenocarcinoma. Axial diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) (a–c) MRI demonstrates a high signal in the posterior limb of bilateral internal capsules (arrow, a), bilateral cerebral (arrow, b), and bilateral middle cerebellar peduncles (arrow, d). The aforementioned areas of high DWI signal are associated with low ADC signal (not shown) consistent with restricted diffusion. Follow-up MRI after cessation of capecitabine administration showed near-complete resolution of the diffusion changes in the posterior limb of internal capsules (curve arrow, d), bilateral cerebral (curve arrow, e), and middle cerebellar peduncles (curve arrow, f)