Table 1 Characteristics of TE and non-TE groups before and after propensity score matching

Age, mean ± SD

66.6 ± 9.3

66.4 ± 9.1

0.77

0.017

66.7 ± 9.1

66.2 ± 8.8

0.407

0.05

Tract length (mm) mean (± SD) [Q25–75]

22.9 ± 11.4 [13–33]

26.1 ± 2.6

 < 0.001

0.206

24.3 ± 11.5

24.8 ± 1.9

0.581

0.035

Tumor size (mm) mean (± SD) [Q25–75]

28.2 ± 14.4 [13–35]

24.8 ± 14.0

 < 0.01

0.178

26.6 ± 13.5

25.6 ± 14.7

0.473

0.053

Emphysema n, (%)

203 (34.0)

374 (66.8)

 < 0.001

0.699

174 (41.6)

191 (45.8)

0.224

0.077

Prone position, n (%)

264 (44.2)

281 (50.2)

 < 0.01

0.235

192 (45.6)

193 (46.3)

0.844

0.014

Fissural tract, n (%)

8 (1.3)

20 (3.6)

 < 0.05

0.26

8 (1.9)

12 (2.9)

0.363

0.063

Sex, n (%)

324 (54.3)

260 (46.4)

216 (51.3)

193 (46.3)

0.407

Needle diameter, n (%)

 < 0.05

0.482

0

 20G

39 (6.5)

4 (0.7)

0 (0)

3 (0.7)

0.997

 19G

9 (1.5)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

 18G

549 (91.9)

556 (99.3)

419 (0)

416 (99.3)

Pneumothorax, n (%)

268 (44.9)

146 (26.1)

 < 0.001

186 (44.5)

113 (27.1)

 < 0.001

Chest tube, n (%)

29 (4.8)

13 (2.3)

 < 0.001

25 (6.0)

11 (2.6)

0.017