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Table 3 English written randomised controlled trials regarding locally advanced rectal cancer and considering MRI as a (re)staging technique

From: Results of a diagnostic imaging audit in a randomised clinical trial in rectal cancer highlight the importance of careful planning and quality control

 

Study

Field strength

Phased-array receiver coils

T2W general

T2 sagittal

T2 axial

T2 perpendicular to long axis

T2 coronal

T2 parallel to long axis

DWI

Other description

 

ESGAR guidelines 2018 [4]

1.5/3.0 T

Yes

Yes

Yes

 ≤ 3 mm

 

Yes

 ≤ 3 mm

 

Yes

 ≤ 3 mm

Yes

b-value ≥ 800

In distal tumours, a coronal sequence angulated parallel to the anal canal should be included to assess the relation between tumour and anal sphincter

1

Fernandez-Martos, 2010 [24]

1.0/1.5 T

Yes

3 mm

Yes

Yes

3 mm

Yes

3 mm

Yes

3 mm

Yes

3 mm

NA

NA

Turbo spin echo

2

Dewdney, EXPERT C, 2012 [25]

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

Thin sliced

MRI (3 mm)

High resolution

3

Jakobsen, 2012 [26]

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

 

4

Smith, 2015 [27]

1.5/3.0 T

Yes

Yes

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

Yes

 

5

Achiam, 2015 [28]

1.5 T

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

Slice thickness 5 mm

T1WI

Contrast enhanced

Bowel extension

6

Deijen, COLOR III, 2016 [29]

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

 

7

Glynne-jones, BACCHUS, 2015 [30]

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

 

8

Burbach, RECTAL BOOST, 2015 [31]

NA

NA

Yes

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

Yes

 

9

Nahas, 2016 [32]

1.5/3.0 T

NA

Yes

Yes

3 mm

Yes

Yes

3 mm

Yesa

NA

NA

 

10

Haddad, 2017 [33]

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

 

11

Singh, 2017 [34]

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

 

12

Lee, 2019 [35]

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

 

13

Jameson, SPAR, 2019 [36]

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

 

14

Deng, FOWARC, 2019 [37]

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

 

15

Nougaret, GRECCAR 4, 2019 [38]

1.5/3.0 T

Yes

NA

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

NA

NA

 

16

Bahadoer, RAPIDO 2021 [9]

1.5/3.0 T

Yes

NA

Yes

Yes

Yes

 ≤ 3 mm

Yes

Yes

Optional

T1WI optional

17

Conroy, PRODIGE 23, 2021 [39]

NA

NA

Yes

3 mm

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

3D MRI

18

Akiyoshi, NOMINATE, 2022 [40]

NA

NA

Yes

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

Yes

 

19

Chen, 2022 [41]

3.0 T

NA

NA

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

NA

Yes

Dynamic contrast-enhanced T1WI

20

Ominelli, 2022 [42]

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

 
  1. ESGAR European Society of Gastrointestinal and Abdominal Radiology; T, Tesla; MRI magnetic resonance imaging; T1WI T1 weighed imaging
  2. aWhen tumour near or involving the anal canal