Table 1 Patient demographics including baseline clinical parameters, MRI, and biopsy results of the development and validation cohorts

No. of patients

201

73

–

Time period (month/year)

05/2018 to 05/2020

06/2020 to 06/2022

Age (years)

66.1 ± 9.16

67.3 ± 8.44

0.344

PSA (ng/ml)

10.3 (6.5–14.9)

12.4 (7.4–16.5)

0.063

Volume (ml)

37.2 (29.1–54.0)

43.4 (30.5–62.2)

0.189

PSAD (ng/ml²)

0.24 (0.16–0.42)

0.28 (0.17–0.39)

0.53

Diameter (mm)

1.4 (1.1–1.8)

1.4 (1.0–1.8)

0.226

Targeted cores per lesion

3.5 ± 1.33

2.7 ± 1.10

 < 0.001

Biopsy results

 No cancer

87 (43.3%)

33 (45.2%)

0.873

 GS 3 + 3

14 (7.0%)

6 (8.2%)

 GS ≥ 3 + 4

100 (49.5%)

34 (46.6%)

PI-RADS score

 3

52

25

0.387

 4

91

30

 5

58

18

Solitary/multifocal

128/73

44/29

0.672

Orientation

 Anterior

112

42

0.891

 Posterior

89

31

Level

 Base

41

16

0.959

 Mid

105

37

 Apex

55

20

Zone

 Peripheral

86

37

0.273

 Transitional

115

36