Table 2 Diagnostic estimates of each study

Brock 2013 [15]

52

6

4

24

4.64 [2.26–9.53]

0.09 [0.03–0.23]

52.00 [13.42–201.48]

0.93 [0.83–0.98]

0.80 [0.61–0.92]

Chang 2018 [16]

83

25

7

38

2.32 [1.70–3.17]

0.13 [0.06–0.27]

18.02 [7.17–45.31]

0.92 [0.85–0.97]

0.60 [0.47–0.72]

Mannaerts 2019 [17]

214

118

75

169

1.80 [1.54–2.10]

0.44 [0.35–0.55]

4.09 [2.87–5.82]

0.74 [0.69–0.79]

0.59 [0.53–0.65]

Wang 2022 [18]

204

80

52

79

1.58 [1.34–1.87]

0.41 [0.31–0.55]

3.87 [2.51–5.99]

0.80 [0.74–0.84]

0.50 [0.42–0.58]

Wildeboer 2020 [19]

29

32

1

87

3.59 [2.65–4.87]

0.05 [0.01–0.31]

78.84 [10.31–602.87]

0.97 [0.83–1.00]

0.73 [0.64–0.81]

Zhang 2019 [20]

37

9

1

31

4.33 [2.43–7.71]

0.03 [0.00–0.24]

127.44 [15.29–1062.17]

0.97 [0.86–1.00]

0.77 [0.62–0.89]

Zhang 2022 [21]

88

35

17

62

2.32 [1.76–3.07]

0.25 [0.16–0.40]

9.17 [4.72–17.82]

0.84 [0.75–0.90]

0.64 [0.54–0.73]

Chen 2022 [22]

61

1

10

52

45.54 [6.52–318.03]

0.14 [0.08–0.26]

317.20 [39.29–2561.07]

0.86 [0.76–0.93]

0.98 [0.90–1.00]