Table 1 Summary of included studies
First author and year | Study design | Imaging modality | Number of patients | Patient characteristics | Outcome | Reference standard | Elastography technique |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Brock 2013 [15] | Single-center prospective | B-mode + elastography + CEUS | 86 | Biopsy-proven prostate cancer | Any PCa | RP histology | Strain elastography |
Chang 2018 [16] | Single-center prospective | B-mode + elastography + CEUS | 153 | PSA ≥ 4.0 ng/mL | Any PCa | 10-core SBx + 2-core TBx | Strain elastography |
Mannaerts 2019 [17] | Single-center prospective | B-mode + elastography + CEUS | 48 | Biopsy-proven prostate cancer | GS ≥ 3 + 4 = 7, tumor volume ≥ 0.5 mL, EPE or pN1 | RP histology | Shear-wave elastography |
Wang 2022 [18] | Single-center retrospective | B-mode + elastography + CEUS | 315 | Symptomatic; ≥ 40 years; PSA ≥ 4.0 ng/mL; abnormal DRE | GS ≥ 3 + 4 | TBx | Strain elastography |
Wildeboer 2020 [19] | Single-center prospective | B-mode + elastography + CEUS | 48 | Biopsy-confirmed PCa; PSA ≤ 20 ng/mL; PV < 80 mL; no EPE | GS > 3 + 4 | RP histology | Shear-wave elastography |
Zhang 2019 [20] | Single-center prospective | Grayscale and color Doppler + elastography + CEUS | 78 | PSA > 4.0 ng/mL or increasing PSA or abnormal DRE | Any PCa | 12-core SBx | Shear-wave elastography |
Zhang 2022 [21] | Single-center retrospective | B-mode + elastography + CEUS | 160 | Biopsy-naive men with PSA > 4 ng/mL | GS ≥ 3 + 4 | 12-core SBx + TBx | Strain elastography |
Chen 2022 [22] | Single-center retrospective | Grayscale and color Doppler + elastography + CEUS | 116 | PSA > 4.0 ng/mL | Any PCa | SBx + 2-core TBx | Strain elastography |