Table 2 Univariate and multivariate analyses of the preoperative clinical, radiologic variables between the TLSs-positive and TLSs-negative groups in the training cohort
Characteristics | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TLSs-positive (n = 27) | TLSs-negative (n = 59) | p value | OR (95% CI) | p value | |
Age ≥ 60, n (%) | 12 (44.4%) | 24 (40.7%) | 0.742 |  |  |
Male, n (%) | 12 (44.4%) | 34 (57.6%) | 0.255 | Â | Â |
HBV-positive, n (%) | 17 (63%) | 35 (59.3%) | 0.749 | Â | Â |
Liver cirrhosis, n (%) | 14 (51.9%) | 28 (47.5%) | 0.705 | Â | Â |
Liver steatosis, n (%) | 6 (22.2%) | 17 (28.8%) | 0.522 | Â | Â |
CA199 > 37 U/ml, n (%) | 11 (40.7%) | 27 (45.8%) | 0.663 |  |  |
Location, n (%) | Â | Â | 0.887 | Â | Â |
 Left lobe | 16 (59.3%) | 34 (57.6%) |  |  |  |
 Right lobe | 11 (40.7%) | 25 (42.4%) |  |  |  |
Subcapsular, n (%) | 17 (63%) | 45 (76.3%) | 0.202 | Â | Â |
Satellite nodules, n (%) | 1 (3.7%) | 10 (16.9%) | 0.174 | Â | Â |
Regular morphology, n (%) | 4 (14.8%) | 4 (6.8%) | 0.429 | Â | Â |
Well-defined border, n (%) | 25 (92.6%) | 53 (89.8%) | 0.993 | Â | Â |
Number, n (%) | Â | Â | 0.726 | Â | Â |
 1 | 26 (96.3%) | 54 (91.5%) |  |  |  |
 > 1 | 1 (3.7%) | 5 (8.5%) |  |  |  |
Diameter > 5 cm, n (%) | 10 (37%) | 36 (61%) | 0.039* |  | 0.365 |
Macrovascular invasion, n (%) | 3 (11.1%) | 10 (16.9%) | 0.706 | Â | Â |
Lymph node metastasis, n (%) | 4 (14.8%) | 17 (28.8%) | 0.161 | Â | Â |
AJCC 8th stage, n (%) |  |  | 0.014* | 0.598 (0.309–1.155) | 0.126 |
 1 | 21 (77.8%) | 26 (44.1%) |  |  |  |
 2 | 2 (7.4%) | 11 (18.6%) |  |  |  |
 3 | 4 (14.8%) | 22 (37.3%) |  |  |  |
CT non-enhanced scan density, n (%) | Â | Â | 0.628 | Â | Â |
 Homogeneous low | 6 (22.2%) | 9 (15.3%) |  |  |  |
 Inhomogeneous low | 21 (77.8%) | 50 (84.7%) |  |  |  |
Arterial diffuse hyperenhancement, n (%) | 13 (48.1%) | 5 (8.5%) | < 0.001* | 4.801 (1.116–20.649) | 0.035* |
Arterial peripheral rim enhancement, n (%) | 8 (29.6%) | 38 (64.4%) | 0.003* | Â | 0.473 |
Arterial diffuse hypoenhancement, n (%) | 6 (22.2%) | 16 (27.1%) | 0.629 | Â | Â |
Centripetal enhancement, n (%) | 12 (44.4%) | 28 (47.5%) | 0.795 | Â | Â |
Wash in and wash out, n (%) | 5 (18.5%) | 8 (13.6%) | 0.786 | Â | Â |
Persistent enhancement, n (%) | 6 (22.2%) | 13 (22%) | 0.984 | Â | Â |
Peritumoral arterial enhancement, n (%) | 8 (29.6%) | 17 (28.8%) | 0.938 | Â | Â |
Intra-tumoral vessels, n (%) | 5 (18.5%) | 8 (13.6%) | 0.786 | Â | Â |
Portal thrombus, n (%) | 4 (14.8%) | 6 (10.2%) | 0.794 | Â | Â |
Biliary dilatation, n (%) | 8 (29.6%) | 13 (22%) | 0.447 | Â | Â |
Hepatic capsule retraction, n (%) | 17 (63%) | 44 (74.6%) | 0.271 | Â | Â |