Table 2 Summary of studies correlating ECV quantification with CT to ECV measurement with MR imaging and histopathology
CT–MR imaging correlation | |||||||||||||
Number of patients | Population | CT scanner | CT contrast media | CT timing for late phase | MR scanner | MR sequence | MR contrast media | MR timing for late phase | ECV measurement | Correlation coefficient and p-values | |||
Nacif, 2012 [14] | 24 | Heart failure | Aquilion One (Toshiba) | 125 mL ± 24 mL of iopamidol (370 mgI/mL) | 10 min | 3 T Verio (Siemens Healthcare) | MOLLI | 0.15 mmol/kg gadopentetate dimeglumine | 12 min | Anterior and antero-lateral segments | r = 0.82, p < 0.001 | ||
Treibel, 2015 [34] | 26 | Amyloidosis | Somatom Sensation 64 (Siemens) | 1 mL/kg of iodixanol | 5 min and 15 min | 1.5 T Avanto (Siemens Healthcare) | shMOLLI | Not provided | 15 min | Septal | r2 = 0.85 (5 min) and 0.74 (15 min), p < 0.001 | ||
Lee, 2016 [18] | 23 | Non-ischemic cardiomyopathies | Somatom Definition Flash (Siemens) | 1.8 mL/kg of iopamidol (370 mgI/mL) | 12 min | 3 T Magnetom Trio (Siemens Healthcare) | MOLLI | 0.2 mmol/kg gadobutrol | 15 min | All myocardial segments | ICC = 0.992 (reader 1) ICC = 0.987 (reader 2) | ||
Hayashi, 2022 [35] | 20 | Pulmonary hypertension | IQon Spectral CT (Philips) | 550 mgI/kg of iopamidol | 7 min | 3 T Ingenia CX (Philips Healthcare) | shMOLLI | 0.2 mmol/kg gadobutrol | 15 min | Interventricular junctions, septum, RV and LV free wall | r = 0.84, p < 0.001 (interventricular junctions) r = 0.73–0.79, p < 0.001 (septum and LV free wall) r = 0.26, p: 0.263 (RV free wall) | ||
Aquino, 2023 [33] | 29 | No specific clinical indication | NAEOTOM Alpha (Siemens) | 100 mL of iopromide | 5 min | 1.5 T Magnetom Avanto (Siemens healthcare) | MOLLI | 0.1 mmol/kg gadobutrol | 10–12 min | Global and mid-ventricular | r = 0.91, p < .001 | ||
Baggiano, 2023 [36] | 39 | Dilated cardiomyopathy | Revolution CT (GE) | 1.5 mL/kg Iomeron (400 mg/mL) | 8 min | 1.5 T Discovery MR 450 (GE Healthcare) | MOLLI | 0.1 mmol/kg gadobutrol | 10–15 min | All myocardial segments | r = 0.819, 95% (CI: 0.791 to 0.844) | ||
CT–histopathological correlation | |||||||||||||
Number of patients | Study population | CT scanner | CT contrast media | CT timing for late phase | Biopsy sample site | Samples fixing methods | EMB collagen volume fraction | ECV CT measurement | Correlation coefficient and p-values | ||||
Bandula, 2013 [12] | 23 | Severe aortic stenosis | Somatom Sensation 64 (Siemens) | A bolus of 1 mL/kg + Infusion of 1.88 mL/kg/h of iohexol (300 mgI/mL) | 25 min | Interventricular septum | 10% buffered formalin | 18% [5–40%] | Septal | r = 0.71, p = 0.0007 | |||