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Table 1 Characteristics of patients in the training set, test set, and validation cohort

From: Virtual biopsy using CT radiomics for evaluation of disagreement in pathology between endoscopic biopsy and postoperative specimens in patients with gastric cancer: a dual-energy CT generalizability study

Characteristic

Training set

p value

Test set

p value

Validation cohort

p value

Agreement group (n = 69)

Disagreement group (n = 43)

Agreement group (n = 18)

Disagreement group (n = 11)

Agreement group (n = 30)

Disagreement group(n = 10)

Age

62.449 ± 11.512

56.628 ± 10.137

0.008*

61.611 ± 10.617

62.000 ± 9.633

0.922

59.167 ± 9.527

56.700 ± 9.719

0.485

Gender

  

0.232

  

1.000

  

0.693

 Men

55 (79.7%)

30 (69.8%)

 

13 (72.2%)

8 (72.7%)

 

20 (66.7%)

8 (80.0%)

 

 Female

14 (20.3%)

13 (30.2%)

 

5 (27.8%)

3 (27.3%)

 

10 (33.3%)

2 (20.0%)

 

Lauren type

  

0.404

  

0.785

  

0.208

 Intestinal type

30 (43.5%)

24 (55.8%)

 

8 (44.4%)

6 (54.5%)

 

14 (46.7%)

2 (20.0%)

 

 Mixed type

21 (30.4%)

9 (20.9%)

 

4 (22.2%)

3 (27.3%)

 

9 (30.0%)

6 (60.0%)

 

 Diffuse type

18 (26.1%)

10 (23.3%)

 

6 (33.3%)

2 (18.2%)

 

7 (23.3%)

2 (20.0%)

 

Lymph nodes Enlarged

  

0.208

  

0.694

  

0.278

 Yes

47 (68.1%)

34 (79.1%)

 

13 (72.2%)

7 (63.6%)

 

9 (30.0%)

5 (50.0%)

 

 No

22 (31.9%)

9 (20.9%)

 

5 (27.8%)

4 (36.4%)

 

21 (70.0%)

5 (50.0%)

 

Location

  

0.234

  

0.622

  

0.246

 Cardia

5 (7.2%)

7 (16.3%)

 

4 (22.2%)

1 (9.1%)

 

8 (26.7%)

5 (50.0%)

 

 Non-cardia

64 (92.8%)

36 (83.7%)

 

14 (77.8%)

10 (90.9%)

 

22 (73.3%)

5 (50.0%)

 

Thickness (mm)

15.988 ± 5.837

15.941 ± 4.944

0.965

16.910(14.270–22.235) a

15.870(14.190–16.145) a

0.256

16.542 ± 5.036

18.043 ± 7.894

0.486

Longest diameter

51.020(39.400–61.870) a

52.760(39.135–65.245) a

0.735

68.151 ± 32.823

50.374 ± 11.904

0.097

50.537 ± 20.657

49.085 ± 17.577

0.843

  1. Values are the number (percentage) or mean value ± SD or median (interquartile range)
  2. *p < 0.05
  3. aVariables were nonnormally distributed. Note—Lauren type determined by endoscopic biopsy. Lymph nodes enlarged, tumour location and size were assessed on CT images