Table 2 Flow deviations associated with different aortic diseases
From: A clinician’s guide to understanding aortic 4D flow MRI
Diseases | Associated flow parameters* |
|---|---|
Acute aortic syndromes | ↓ WSS (only in AAA) |
Aortic aneurysm | ↑ WSS, circumferential WSS |
↓ Vorticity and helicity | |
↑ EL (in vitro studies) | |
Aortic valve regurgitation | ↑ Regurgitation fraction |
↑ Retrograde flow | |
Aortic valve stenosis | ↑ Flow velocity |
↑ KE, EL, and TKE | |
↑ Pressure gradient | |
Atherosclerosis | ↓ Vorticity and helicity |
↓ WSS | |
↑ Pulse wave velocity | |
Bicuspid aortic valve | ↑ Flow velocity (if accompanied by AoS) |
↑ Flow displacement and flow jet angle | |
↑ WSS | |
↑ Vorticity and helicity | |
↑ EL | |
Coarctation | ↑ Flow velocity |
↑ Pressure gradient | |
Vessel wall stiffening | ↑ Pulse wave velocity |