Table 1 Characteristics of included articles
Author (Ref.) | Study design | Period of recruitment | Nation | No. of patient | No. of patient with EPE (%) | Patient age, years* | PSA, ng/mL* | Unit for analysis | MRI magnet | Endorectal coil | Anti-peristaltic agent | MRI sequence†| No. of readers (year of experience) | Clarity of blinding review |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ahn H [24] | Retrospective | 2011–2016 | Korea | 221 | 69 (31.2) | 67.2 (range, 45–78) | 16.7 ± 17.4 | Per patient | 3.0-T | No | Yes | mpMRI (T2WI) | 2 (19, 3) | Blinded |
Alessi S [25] | Retrospective | 2012–2013 | Italy | 301 | 119 (39.5) | 63.15 ± 6.96 | 8.66 ± 7.94 | Per patient | 1.5-T | No | NA | mpMRI (NA) | 2 (3, 2) | Blinded |
Asfuroğlu U [26] | Retrospective | 2016–2019 | Turkey | 79 | 33 (41.8) | 64.5 ± 6.2 | 9.9 ± 7.4 | Per patient | 3.0-T | No | NA | mpMRI (T2WI) | 2 (10, 4) | Blinded |
Beyersdorff D [27] | Prospective | NA | Germany | 22 | 5 (22.7) | 62 (range, 50–72) | 7.5 (range, 2–14) | Per patient | 3.0-T and 1.5-T | No (3.0-T) Yes (1.5-T) | Yes | T2WI, T1WI (NA) | 2 (NA) | Blinded |
Boesen L [28] | Prospective | 2011–2013 | Denmark | 87 | 31 (35.6) | 65 (range, 47–74) | 11 (range, 4.6–45) | Per patient | 3.0-T | No | Yes | mpMRI (T2WI) | 2 (2, NA) | Blinded |
Chen Y [29] | Retrospective | 2009–2015 | China | 353 | 196 (55.5) | 65.9 | 15.0 | Per lobe | 3.0-T or 1.5-T | No | NA | mpMRI (NA) | 2 (NA) | Unclear |
Christophe C [30] | Retrospective | 2015–2018 | France | 92 | 38 (41.3) | 63 (59–67) | PSA density 0.24 (0.15‒0.32) | Per patient | 3.0-T | No | Yes | mpMRI (T2WI) | 3 (15, 1.5, 1) | Blinded |
Costa DN [31] | Retrospective | 2015–2016 | USA | 80 | 40 (50) | 64 ± 8 | 8.0 ± 6.1 | Per patient | 3.0-T | Yes | NA | mpMRI (T2WI, ADC map) | 5 (NA) | Blinded |
Gatti M [32] | Retrospective | 2015– 2020 | Italy | 276 | 122 (44.2) | Site1: 66 (60–71), Site 2: 67 (62–70) | Site1: 7 (5–10), Site 2: 7 (6–10) | Per patient | 1.5-T | No | Yes | mpMRI (NA) | 4 (≥ 500 cases analyzed) | Blinded |
Gaunay GS [33] | Retrospective | 2012–2014 | USA | 74 | 24 (32.4) | NA | NA | Per patient | 3.0-T | Yes | NA | mpMRI (NA) | 1 (fellowship trained radiologist) | Unclear |
Matsuoka Y [34] | Retrospective | 2007–2015 | Japan | 210 | 56 (26.7) | 67 (range, 50–81) | 7.0 (range, 2.9–30.0) | Per patient | 1.5-T | No | NA | mpMRI (T2WI) | 2 (10, 5) | Blinded |
Mehralivand S [15] | Prospective | 2007–2017 | USA | 553 | 125 (22.6) | 60 ± 8 | 6.28 (range, 0.21–170) | Per patient | 3.0-T | Yes | NA | mpMRI (NA) | 1 (15, 9) | Blinded |
Onay A [35] | Retrospective | 2012–2017 | Turkey | 110 | 26 (23.6) | 62.7 (range, 40–77) | 7.4 (range, 2.1–40) | Per patient | 3.0-T | No | Yes | mpMRI (T2WI) | 2 (12, 5) | Blinded |
Park KJ [16] | Retrospective | 2016–2017 | Korea | 301 | 129 (42.9) | 65 ± 7 | 7.55 ± 5.62 | Per patient | 3.0-T | No | Yes | mpMRI (T2WI, DWI, DCE) | 2 (> 15, 3) | Blinded |
Rosenkrantz AB [36] | Retrospective | NA | USA | 90 | 40 (44.4) | 64 ± 8 | 9.0 ± 11.4 | Per lobe | 3.0-T | No | NA | mpMRI (T2WI) | 2 (4,1) | Blinded |
Valentin B [37] | Retrospective | 2016–2017 | Germany | 136 | 60 (44.1) | 67 (62–72) | 9.3 (7.0–14) | Per patient | 3.0-T | No | Yes | mpMRI (NA) | 3 (10, 5, 2) | Unclear |
Yu KK [38] | Retrospective | 1992–1995 | USA | 77 | 34 (44.2) | 62.6 ± 7.6 | 10.7 ± 1.7 | Per patient | 1.5-T | Yes | Yes | T1WI, T2WI (NA) | 3 (≥ 6 months) | Blind |