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Insights into Imaging

Table 5 Univariate analysis for HT in the training cohort

From: A clinical–radiomics model based on noncontrast computed tomography to predict hemorrhagic transformation after stroke by machine learning: a multicenter study

Variables

Overall (n = 355)

Non-HT (n = 194)

HT (n = 161)

p

Gender, n (%)

   

0.555

Male

234 (65.9)

131 (67.5)

103 (64.0)

 

Female

121 (34.1)

63 (32.5)

58 (36.0)

 

age, years, mean ± SD

67.19 ± 12.39

67.14 ± 12.31

67.24 ± 12.53

0.941

Smoking index, mean ± SD

325.51 ± 662.15

310.00 ± 485.00

344.19 ± 828.06

0.629

drinking index, mean ± SD

1268.38 ± 3107.17

1436.73 ± 3366.58

1065.53 ± 2759.25

0.263

Previous stroke, n (%)

   

0.001

No

292 (82.3)

172 (88.7)

120 (74.5)

 

Yes

63 (17.7)

22 (11.3)

41 (25.5)

 

Diabetes mellitus, n (%)

   

0.119

No

258 (72.7)

148 (76.3)

110 (68.3)

 

Yes

97 (27.3)

46 (23.7)

51 (31.7)

 

Atrial-fibrillation, n (%)

   

0.001

No

289 (81.4)

171 (88.1)

118 (73.3)

 

Yes

66 (18.6)

23 (11.9)

43 (26.7)

 

OTC, hours, mean ± SD

5.20 ± 2.49

5.70 ± 2.66

4.61 ± 2.12

 < 0.001

SBP, mm Hg, mean ± SD

153.45 ± 24.01

153.74 ± 24.20

153.11 ± 23.85

0.805

DBP, mm Hg, mean ± SD

87.68 ± 13.03

87.89 ± 13.28

87.43 ± 12.75

0.742

Baseline NIHSS, mean ± SD

9.18 ± 7.07

6.16 ± 4.75

12.81 ± 7.69

 < 0.001

Hgb, g/L, mean ± SD

136.38 ± 62.78

141.11 ± 82.70

130.67 ± 20.23

0.119

PLT, 109/L, mean ± SD

211.25 ± 84.67

211.08 ± 78.28

211.46 ± 92.02

0.967

WBC, 109/L, mean ± SD

8.65 ± 3.87

7.89 ± 3.84

9.58 ± 3.72

 < 0.001

Neu, 109/L, mean ± SD

6.47 ± 4.08

5.52 ± 2.29

7.61 ± 5.30

 < 0.001

Ly, 109/L, mean ± SD

1.49 ± 0.81

1.50 ± 0.58

1.47 ± 1.02

0.801

Mn, 109/L, mean ± SD

0.61 ± 0.63

0.49 ± 0.21

0.75 ± 0.88

 < 0.001

N/M, mean ± SD

5.81 ± 6.50

4.47 ± 3.13

7.42 ± 8.77

 < 0.001

L/M, mean ± SD

3.14 ± 2.65

3.59 ± 2.82

2.61 ± 2.33

0.001

Eon, 109/L, mean ± SD

0.13 ± 0.18

0.14 ± 0.19

0.11 ± 0.17

0.206

TC, mmol/L, mean ± SD

4.62 ± 1.17

4.39 ± 0.90

4.88 ± 1.39

 < 0.001

TG, mmol/L, mean ± SD

1.63 ± 1.29

1.53 ± 1.12

1.74 ± 1.45

0.11

HDL, mmol/L, mean ± SD

1.24 ± 0.49

1.16 ± 0.34

1.35 ± 0.60

 < 0.001

LDL, mmol/L, mean ± SD

2.83 ± 0.94

2.78 ± 0.83

2.90 ± 1.05

0.228

BUN, mmol/L, mean ± SD

6.42 ± 3.62

6.19 ± 3.75

6.70 ± 3.45

0.19

Cr, μmol/L, mean ± SD

83.96 ± 55.50

81.45 ± 57.57

86.98 ± 52.93

0.351

Glu, mmol/L, mean ± SD

7.74 ± 3.30

6.98 ± 2.65

8.66 ± 3.75

 < 0.001

HbA1c, %, mean ± SD

8.19 ± 7.45

6.83 ± 2.00

9.82 ± 10.63

 < 0.001

INR, mean ± SD

1.01 ± 0.12

0.99 ± 0.13

1.04 ± 0.12

 < 0.001

FDPs, μg/mL, mean ± SD

7.00 ± 14.23

4.26 ± 8.68

10.30 ± 18.36

 < 0.001

D-Dimer, mg/L, mean ± SD

2.73 ± 6.03

1.61 ± 3.45

4.09 ± 7.91

 < 0.001

NT-proBNP, mean ± SD

1048.42 ± 2026.11

628.03 ± 1434.93

1554.97 ± 2475.16

 < 0.001

TOAST types, n (%)

   

 < 0.001

LAA

210 (59.2)

129 (66.5)

81 (50.3)

 

CE

106 (29.9)

36 (18.6)

70 (43.5)

 

SVO

29 (8.2)

25 (12.9)

4 (2.5)

 

SOE

4 (1.1)

2 (1.0)

2 (1.2)

 

SUE

6 (1.7)

2 (1.0)

4 (2.5)

 
  1. Non-HT, patients without hemorrhagic transformation; HT, patients with hemorrhagic transformation; Categorical variables are represented by the number (percent), and continuous variable are represented by mean (± standard deviation)
  2. OTC, onset-to-CT time; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; NIHSS, National Institute of Health Stroke Scale; Hgb, Hemoglobin; PLT, Blood platelet; WBC, white blood cell; Neu, neutrophil; Ly, lymphocyte; Mn, monocyte; N/M, neutrophil-monocyte ratio; L/M, lymphocyte-monocyte ratio; Eon, eosinophils; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; HDL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; Cr, Creatinine; Glu, Glucose; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin A1c; INR, international normalized ratio; FDPs, fibrin degradation products; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, ng/L; LAA, large artery atherosclerosis; SVO, small vessel occlusion; CE, cardioembolism; SOE, stroke of other determined etiology; SUE, stroke of undetermined etiology
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