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Insights into Imaging

Table 2 Demographic characteristics

From: Radiomics-based analysis of CT imaging for the preoperative prediction of invasiveness in pure ground-glass nodule lung adenocarcinomas

 

Training cohort

Testing cohort

Validation cohort

NonInvasion

Invasion

p value*

NonInvasion

Invasion

p value

NonInvasion

Invasion

p value*

N = 172

N = 60

N = 73

N = 25

N = 30

N = 22

Gender

  

0.041

  

0.032

  

0.107

 Female

124 (72.1%)

34 (56.7%)

 

54 (74.0%)

12 (48.0%)

 

17 (56.7%)

18 (81.8%)

 

 Male

48 (27.9%)

26 (43.3%)

 

19 (26.0%)

13 (52.0%)

 

13 (43.3%)

4 (18.2%)

 

Age

56.0 [47.0; 62.0]

59.5 [53.8; 64.0]

0.016

55.0 [48.0; 61.0]

59.0 [54.0; 64.0]

0.110

57.0 [52.0; 64.0]

60.5 [53.5; 65.0]

0.295

Center

  

0.302

  

1.000

  

0.317

 Absent

84 (48.8%)

24 (40.0%)

 

32 (43.8%)

11 (44.0%)

 

19 (63.3%)

10 (45.5%)

 

 Present

88 (51.2%)

36 (60.0%)

 

41 (56.2%)

14 (56.0%)

 

11 (36.7%)

12 (54.5%)

 

AxisMaxLength

1.02 [0.80; 1.24]

1.53 [1.19; 1.95]

 < 0.001

1.01 [0.84; 1.30]

1.56 [1.17; 1.97]

 < 0.001

1.29 [0.95; 1.67]

1.28 [1.18; 1.63]

0.453

Distance

0.99 [0.29; 1.82]

0.74 [0.00; 1.56]

0.193

0.68 [0.29; 1.49]

0.66 [0.00; 1.20]

0.427

0.50 [0.00; 1.71]

1.27 [0.59; 1.86]

0.187

Burr

  

0.001

  

0.001

  

1.000

 Absent

170 (98.8%)

53 (88.3%)

 

71 (97.3%)

18 (72.0%)

 

27 (90.0%)

20 (90.9%)

 

 Present

2 (1.16%)

7 (11.7%)

 

2 (2.74%)

7 (28.0%)

 

3 (10.0%)

2 (9.09%)

 

Lobe

  

0.001

  

0.014

  

0.299

 Absent

170 (98.8%)

53 (88.3%)

 

72 (98.6%)

21 (84.0%)

 

29 (96.7%)

19 (86.4%)

 

 Present

2 (1.16%)

7 (11.7%)

 

1 (1.37%)

4 (16.0%)

 

1 (3.33%)

3 (13.6%)

 

Vacuole

  

0.224

  

0.050

  

1.000

 Absent

163 (94.8%)

54 (90.0%)

 

72 (98.6%)

22 (88.0%)

 

29 (96.7%)

21 (95.5%)

 

 Present

9 (5.23%)

6 (10.0%)

 

1 (1.37%)

3 (12.0%)

 

1 (3.33%)

1 (4.55%)

 

Pleura Involve

  

0.017

  

0.255

  

1.000

 Absent

172 (100%)

57 (95.0%)

 

73 (100%)

24 (96.0%)

 

29 (96.7%)

22 (100%)

 

 Present

0 (0.00%)

3 (5.00%)

 

0 (0.00%)

1 (4.00%)

 

1 (3.33%)

0 (0.00%)

 

MeanCT

−562.50 [−634.72; −480.93]

−501.25 [−545.38; −413.53]

 < 0.001

−508.80 [−588.00; −407.60]

−471.90 [−567.20; −408.10]

0.544

−597.55 [−638.65; −551.20]

−493.10 [−566.88; −391.80]

 < 0.001

Clinical

  

0.497

  

0.855

  

0.475

 Absent

130 (75.6%)

42 (70.0%)

 

53 (72.6%)

17 (68.0%)

 

23 (76.7%)

14 (63.6%)

 

 Present

42 (24.4%)

18 (30.0%)

 

20 (27.4%)

8 (32.0%)

 

7 (23.3%)

8 (36.4%)

 

Smoke

  

0.071

  

0.004

  

0.161

 No

146 (84.9%)

44 (73.3%)

 

66 (90.4%)

16 (64.0%)

 

22 (73.3%)

20 (90.9%)

 

 Yes

26 (15.1%)

16 (26.7%)

 

7 (9.59%)

9 (36.0%)

 

8 (26.7%)

2 (9.09%)

 
  1. *p value is derived from statistical analyses between each of variables and groups. p value < 0.05 indicated statistical significance. Values are presented as no. (%) or mean (95%CI). Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test was used for the categorical variable. A Student’s t test, Mann–Whitney U-test or Kruskal–Wallis H-test were used for the continuous variable
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