Table 1 Baseline clinical characteristics of patients
Training set (n = 128) | Validation set (n = 54) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
WD/MD HCC (n = 98) | PD HCC (n = 30) | p value | WD/MD HCC (n = 42) | PD HCC (n = 12) | p value | |
Patient demographics | ||||||
Age, years | 52.1 ± 11.6 | 54.9 ± 11.1 | 0.645 | 52.8 ± 9.94 | 54.5 ± 13.0 | 0.184 |
Sex | 0.941 | 1.000 | ||||
Male | 79 (80.6) | 24 (80.0) | 33 (78.6) | 9 (75.0) | ||
Female | 19 (19.4) | 6 (20.0) | 9 (21.4) | 3 (25.0) | ||
Underlying liver diseases | ||||||
Chronic hepatitis B | 90 (91.8) | 29 (96.7) | 0.619 | 41 (97.6) | 11 (91.7) | 0.398 |
Chronic hepatitis C | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | – | 0 (0.0) | 1 (8.3) | – |
Chronic hepatitis B and C | 2 (2.0) | 0 (0.0) | – | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | – |
Alcohol | 2 (2.0) | 0 (0.0) | – | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | – |
NAFLD | 1 (1.0) | 0 (0.0) | – | 1 (2.4) | 0 (0.0) | – |
Others | 3 (3.1) | 1 (3.3) | – | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | – |
Cirrohsis | 60 (61.2) | 19 (63.3) | 0.835 | 24 (57.1) | 6 (50.0) | 0.661 |
Child–Pugh stage | 0.554 | – | ||||
A | 96 (98) | 29 (96.7) | 42 (100.0) | 12 (100.0) | ||
B | 2 (2) | 1 (3.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||
Tumor marker | ||||||
AFP, ng/mL | 0.010* | 0.058 | ||||
≤ 400 | 81 (82.7) | 18 (60.0) | 39 (92.9) | 8 (66.7) | ||
> 400 | 17 (17.3) | 12 (40.0) | 3 (7.1) | 4 (33.3) | ||
CA199, U/mL | 0.332 | 0.661 | ||||
≤ 30 | 77 (78.6) | 21 (70.0) | 36 (85.7) | 9 (75.0) | ||
> 30 | 21 (21.4) | 9 (30.0) | 6 (14.3) | 3 (25.0) | ||
CEA, ng/mL | 1.000 | – | ||||
≤ 5 | 90 (91.8) | 28 (93.3) | 42 (100.0) | 12 (100.0) | ||
> 5 | 8 (8.2) | 2 (6.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||
Laboratory index | ||||||
TBIL, µmol/L | 1.000 | – | ||||
≤ 40 | 96 (98.0) | 30 (100.0) | 42 (100.0) | 12 (100.0) | ||
> 40 | 2 (2.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||
ALT, U/L | 0.515 | 0.610 | ||||
≤ 35 | 62 (63.3) | 17 (56.7) | 21 (50.0) | 7 (58.3) | ||
> 35 | 36 (36.7) | 13 (43.3) | 21 (50.0) | 5 (41.7) | ||
AST, U/L | 0.103 | 0.543 | ||||
≤ 35 | 71 (72.4) | 17 (56.7) | 29 (69.0) | 10 (83.3) | ||
> 35 | 27 (27.6) | 13 (43.3) | 13 (31.0) | 2 ((16.7) | ||
ALB, g/L | 0.867 | 0.640 | ||||
≥ 40 | 77 (78.6) | 24 (80.0) | 33 (78.6) | 8 (66.7) | ||
< 40 | 21 (21.4) | 6 (20.0) | 9 (21.4) | 4 (33.3) | ||
PLT, 109/L | 0.845 | 1.000 | ||||
≥ 125 | 47 (48.0) | 15 (50.0) | 17 (40.5) | 5 (41.7) | ||
< 125 | 51 (52.0) | 15 (50.0) | 25 (59.5) | 7 (58.3) | ||
PT, s | 0.636 | 0.012* | ||||
≤ 12.8 | 87 (88.8) | 25 (83.3) | 39 (92.9) | 7 (58.3) | ||
> 12.8 | 11 (11.2) | 5 (16.7) | 3 (7.1) | 5 (41.7) | ||