Table 1 Summary of clinical, histological and imaging characteristics of 15 patients
Male/female | 7/8 |
|---|---|
Age | 38.6 ± 14.4 |
Clinical presentation | |
Asymptomatic | 6/15 (40.0%) |
Abdominal pain | 8/15 (53.3%) |
Weight loss | 2/15 (13.3%) |
Abdominal distension | 2/15 (13.3%) |
Others | 3/15 (20.0%) |
Previous medical history and exposure history | |
Cirrhosis | 3/15 (20.0%) |
Long-term smoking | 2/15 (13.3%) |
HBV infection | 2/15 (13.3%) |
Surgical history | 2/15 (13.3%) |
Biliary system disease | 2/15 (13.3%) |
Others | 4/15 (26.7%) |
Tumour markers | |
CA 125 ↑ | 3/15 (20.0%) |
Liver enzymes | |
ALT ↑ | 6/15 (40.0%) |
GGT ↑ | 5/15 (33.3%) |
ALP ↑ | 3/15 (20.0%) |
AST ↑ | 3/15 (20.0%) |
CHE ↓ | 1/15 (6.7%) |
No. of CT | 9 |
No. of MRI | 8 |
No. of CT and MRI | 2 |
Misdiagnosis by CT and MRI | 13/14 (92.9%) |
Pre-surgical imaging diagnosis by CT | 8 |
Misdiagnosed as other tumours | 8/8 (100%) |
Metastases | 3/8 (37.5%) |
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma | 2/8 (25.0%) |
Hepatocellular carcinoma | 1/8 (12.5%) |
Hepatic adenoma or focal nodular hyperplasia | 1/8 (12.5%) |
Unclear diagnosis | 1/8 (12.5%) |
Pre-surgical imaging diagnosis by MRI | 7 |
Misdiagnosed as other tumours or lesions | 6/7 (85.7%) |
Unclear diagnosis | 2/7 (28.5%) |
Inflammatory lesions | 2/7 (28.5%) |
Metastases | 1/7 (14.3%) |
Haematolymphoid tumours | 1/7 (14.3%) |
Hepatic adenoma or focal nodular hyperplasia | 1/7 (14.3%) |
Hepatic epithelioid haemangioendothelioma | 1/7 (14.3%) |
Quantity | |
Multifocal | 13/15 (86.7%) |
Unifocal | 2/15 (13.3%) |
Size | |
Nodules | 11/15 (73.3%) |
Diffuse lesions | 2/15 (13.3%) |
Isolated masses | 2/15 (13.3%) |
The maximum diameter of the dominant tumour | 36.0 (20.0, 70.0) |
Coalescent | 6/15 (40.0%) |
Distribution | |
Peripheral | 8/15 (53.3%) |
Peripheral + Central | 4/15 (26.7%) |
Diffuse | 2/15 (13.3%) |
Central | 1/15 (6.7%) |
Morphology | |
Regular | 9/15 (60.0%) |
Irregular | 6/15 (40.0%) |
Boundaries | |
Clear | 11/15 (73.3%) |
Less clear/unclear | 4/15 (26.7%) |
Pseudo-capsules | 2/15 (13.3%) |
Extrahepatic suspicious lesions | |
Lungs | 6/15 (40.0%) |
Others | 4/15 (26.7%) |
Density on CT | |
Hypodensity | 8/9 (88.9%) |
Isodensity | 1/9 (11.1%) |
Calcification | 3/15 (20.0%) |
T1WI on MRI | |
Hypointensity | 7/8 (87.5%) |
Isointensity | 1/8 (12.5%) |
T2WI on MRI | |
Hyperintensity | 7/8 (87.5%) |
Isointensity | 1/8 (12.5%) |
DWI on MRI | |
Hyperintensity | 7/8 (87.5%) |
Isointensity | 1/8 (12.5%) |
Contrast enhancement on triple-phase | |
Pattern A | 13/15 (86.7%) |
Pattern B | 1/15 (6.7%) |
Pattern C | 1/15 (6.7%) |
No. of the HBP | 6 |
Homogeneous hypointensity | 4/6 (66.7%) |
Mixed hypointensity 1 | 1/6 (16.7%) |
Mixed hypointensity 2 | 1/6 (16.7%) |
Abnormal vascularity within tumours | 6/15 (40.0%) |
Target signs | 8/15 (53.3%) |
Lollipop signs | 5/15 (33.3%) |
Hepatic capsular retraction | 13/15 (86.7%) |
Portal vein invasion | 5/15 (26.7%) |
Hepatic veins invasion | 2/15 (13.3%) |
Tumour thromboses in the vena cava | 3/15 (20.0%) |