Table 3 MR imaging characteristics of the HCC lesions according to MTHCC subtype
Image traits | n (%) or median (IQR) Training set (n = 145) | n (%) or median (IQR) Validation set (n = 63) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|  | Available data | MTHCC (n = 48) | Non-MTHCC (n = 97) | p value | Available data | MTHCC (n = 21) | Non-MTHCC (n = 42) | p value | Interrater agreement** |
Number of patients | 145 | Â | Â | 0.251 | 63 | Â | Â | 0.513 | 1.00 |
  Patients with single lesions | 116 (80) | 41 (85.4) | 75 (77.3) |  | 51 (81) | 16 (76.2) | 35 (83.3) |  |  |
  Patients with multiple lesions | 29 (20) | 7 (14.6) | 22 (22.7) |  | 12 (19) | 5 (23.8) | 7 (16.7) |  |  |
Tumor size* (mm) | 145 | 48.2 (32.05–91.45) | 50.1 (29.65–73.75) | 0.925 | 63 | 34.7 (24.2–72.25) | 48.7 (25.05–67.7) | 0.435 | 0.99 |
Tumor capsule | 145 | Â | Â | 0.014a | 63 | Â | Â | 0.001a | 0.96 |
  Absent | 29 (20) | 14 (29.2) | 15 (15.5) |  | 12 (19) | 6 (28.6) | 6 (14.3) |  |  |
  Partial | 20 (13.8) | 9 (18.8) | 11 (11.3) |  | 8 (12.7) | 7 (33.3) | 1 (2.4) |  |  |
Complete | 96 (66.2) | 25 (52.1) | 71 (73.2) | Â | 43 (68.3) | 8 (38.1) | 35 (83.3) | Â | Â |
Tumor heterogeneity | 145 | 14 (33.3) | 40 (41.2) |  < 0.001a | 63 |  |  | 0.001a | 0.78 |
  Homogenous | 108 (74.5) | 25 (52.1) | 83 (85.6) |  | 40 (63.5) | 7 (33.3) | 33 (78.6) |  |  |
  Heterogeneous | 37 (25.5) | 23 (47.9) | 14 (14.4) |  | 23 (36.5) | 14 (66.7) | 9 (21.4) |  |  |
Tumor necrosis | 145 | Â | Â | 0.881 | 63 | Â | Â | 0.332 | 0.97 |
  Absent | 64 (44.1) | 20 (41.7) | 44 (45.4) |  | 30 (47.6) | 8 (38.1) | 22 (52.4) |  |  |
  Present (< 20%) | 28 (19.3) | 11 (22.9) | 17 (17.5) |  | 15 (23.8) | 6 (28.6) | 9 (21.4) |  |  |
Necrosis > 20% | 53 (36.6) | 17 (35.4) | 36 (37.1) |  | 18 (28.6) | 7 (33.3) | 11 (26.2) |  | 0.83 |
Intratumor arteries | 145 | Â | Â | 0.047a | 63 | Â | Â | 0.103 | 0.93 |
  Present | 42 (29) | 19 (39.6) | 23 (23.7) |  | 13 (20.6) | 7 (33.3) | 6 (14.3) |  |  |
  Absent | 103 (71) | 29 (60.4) | 74 (76.3) |  | 50 (79.4) | 14 (66.7) | 36 (85.7) |  |  |
Intratumor hemorrhage | 145 | Â | Â | 0.633 | 63 | Â | Â | 0.237 | 0.80 |
  Present | 43 (29.7) | 13 (27.1) | 30 (30.9) |  | 18 (28.6) | 4 (19) | 14 (33.3) |  |  |
  Absent | 102 (70.3) | 35 (72.9) | 67 (69.1) |  | 45 (71.4) | 17 (81) | 28 (66.7) |  |  |
Intratumor fat | 145 | Â | Â | 0.304 | 63 | Â | Â | 0.023a | 0.74 |
  Present | 21 (14.5) | 9 (18.8) | 12 (12.4) |  | 9 (14.3) | 0 | 9 (21.4) |  |  |
  Absent | 124 (85.5) | 39 (81.3) | 85 (87.5) |  | 54 (85.7) | 21 (100) | 33 (78.6) |  |  |
APHE | 145 | Â | Â | 0.228 | 63 | Â | Â | 0.255 | 0.92 |
  Absent | 19 (13.1) | 4 (8.3) | 15 (15.5) |  | 5 (7.9) | 1 (4.8) | 4 (9.5) |  |  |
  EAPHE | 11 (7.6) | 2 (4.2) | 9 (9.3) |  | 4 (6.3) | 0 | 4 (9.5) |  |  |
  LAPHE | 115 (79.3) | 42 (87.5) | 73 (75.3) |  | 54 (85.7) | 20 (95.2) | 34 (81) |  |  |
Rim APHE | 12 (8.3) | 6 (12.5) | 6 (6.3) | 0.212 | 5 (7.9) | 3 (14.3) | 2 (4.8%) | 0.323 | Â |
Corona enhancement | 145 |  |  |  < 0.001a | 63 |  |  | 0.036a | 0.84 |
  Present | 23 (15.9) | 17 (35.4) | 6 (6.2) |  | 7 (11.1) | 5 (23.8) | 2 (4.8) |  |  |
  Absent | 122 (84.1) | 31 (64.6) | 91 (93.8) |  | 56 (88.9) | 16 (76.2) | 40 (95.2) |  |  |
Washout | 145 |  |  |  < 0.001a | 63 |  |  | 0.039a | 0.83 |
  Present | 130 (89.7) | 36 (75.0) | 94 (96.9) |  | 58 (92.1) | 17 (81.0) | 41 (97.6) |  |  |
  Absent | 15 (10.3) | 12 (25.0) | 3 (3.1) |  | 5 (7.9) | 4 (19.0) | 1 (2.4) |  |  |