Fig. 5

Decision curves analyses (DCA) across all threshold probabilities. The DCA plots the model's net benefit (y-axis) against threshold probability (x-axis) for predicting MTHCC in the entire patients. The “treat all line” assumes all lesions are MTHCC, and the “treat none” line assumes all lesions are non-MTHCC. The DCA of model 1 in training (a) and validation sets (b); the curve has a higher net benefit than treat-all strategies at a low threshold probability of 10%; (c) the decision curve comparison between models 1 (blue), 2 (red), and 3 (green) for all patients