Table 1 Classification of bone marrow lesions
From: Traumatic bone marrow lesions in dual-energy computed tomography
Classification system | Classification basis | Definition | |
|---|---|---|---|
Lynch | Morphology | Type I is described as diffuse inhomogeneous loss of reticular signal intensity on T1-weighted images within the medullary space of the cancellous bone and enhanced signal on sequences T2-weighted | |
Type II lesions are identical to type I lesions; however, they have an interruption in the form of a smooth, black cortical line | |||
Type III lesions suggested as a considerable reduction of signal intensity, which was primarily limited to the immediate subcortical region on short TE images | |||
Bohndorf | Radiological and clinical findings | Intact cartilage (type A) | Classic bone bruises: geographic and nonlinear subchondral area of low signal on T1-weigthed images and high intensity T2-weigthed images |
Subchondral impaction fractures: linear or pronged area of low signal on T1-weigthed images and high intensity T2-weigthed images that often extends vertically to the cortical bone and articular surfaces | |||
Disrupted cartilage (type B) | Chondral lesions and osteochondral lesions: simple cartilage fractures (“flake fractures”) with cartilage depression into the bone, osteochondral depression and partially or completely detached osteochondral flake fractures on MRI | ||
Costa-Paz | The appearance and location of bone marrow lesions | Type 1 bone marrow lesions: diffuse signal intensity, with change of medullar component; often reticular and distant from articular surface | |
Type 2 bone marrow lesions: localised signal intensity, with contiguity to articular surface; usually crescent in shape | |||
Type 3 bone marrow lesions: disruption or depression of articular surface; often associated with type 2 lesions | |||