Table 1 Clinical and body composition characteristics of the patients

Age (years), median (IQR)

49 (42–54)

43 (50–55)

49 (41–54)

Gender (M/F), N (%)

142/33 (81.1/18.9)

49/6 (89.1/10.9)

93/27 (77.5/22.5)

BMI (kg/m²), median (IQR)

22.5 (20.3–24.7)

23.2 (20.8–24.9)

22.0 (19.9–24.2)

Viral status, N (%)

HBV/HCV/HBV + HCV/None

132/8/1/34 (75.4/4.6/0.6/19.4)

42/1/1/11(76.4/1.8/1.8/20.0)

90/7/0/23 (75.0/5.8/0.0/19.2)

Etiology, N (%)

 Viral hepatitis

67 (38.3%)

20 (36.4%)

47 (39.2%)

 Alcoholic cirrhosis

6 (3.4%)

2 (3.6%)

4 (3.3%)

 Hepatocellular carcinoma

80 (45.7%)

29 (52.7%)

51 (42.5%)

 Primary biliary cirrhosis and Autoimmune liver disease

14 (8.0%)

2 (3.6%)

12 (10.0%)

 Other

8 (4.6%)

2 (3.6%)

6 (10.9%)

Coexisting conditions, N (%)

 Smoking

70 (40.0%)

22 (40.0%)

48 (40.0%)

 Drinking

54 (30.9%)

18 (32.7%)

36 (30.0%)

 Hypertension

15 (8.6%)

6 (10.9%)

9 (7.5%)

 Diabetes

18 (10.3%)

4 (7.3%)

14 (11.7%)

 Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease

8 (4.6%)

3 (5.5%)

5 (4.2%)

 Chronic kidney disease

2 (1.1%)

1 (1.8%)

1 (0.8%)

Hepatic features

 Child–Pugh class A/B/C, N (%)

88/70/17 (50.3/40.0/9.7)

26/20/9 (47.3/36.4/16.4)

62/50/8 (51.7/41.7/6.7)

 Child–Pugh score, median (IQR)

6 (5–8)

7 (5–9)

6 (5–8)

 MELD Score, median (IQR)

12 (9–18)

13 (9–18)

12 (8–17)

Preoperative laboratory values

 ALT (U/L), median (IQR)

29 (19–47)

31 (20–54)

29 (18–45)

 AST (U/L), median (IQR)

39 (28–72)

44 (27–77)

39 (28–64)

 ALP (U/L), median (IQR)

104 (79–155)

106 (83–144)

103 (76–163)

 LDH (U/L), median (IQR)

209 (171–267)

207 (173–271)

209 (166–261)

 Total bilirubin (μmol/L), median (IQR)

30.6 (16.7–79.2)

31.6 (18.4–99.7)

27.4 (14.9–73.1)

 Albumin (g/L), median (IQR)

36.2 (31.9–40.8)

35.4 (31.4–39.2)

37.1 (32.6–41.4)

 Creatinine (μmol/L), median (IQR)

68 (57–76)

69 (61–75)

66 (56–76)

 Blood ammonia(μmol/L), median (IQR)

57 (44–74)

60 (49–79)

55 (43–74)

 Neutrophil (× 10⁹/L), median (IQR)

2.58 (1.53–4.57)

2.61 (1.35–5.37)

2.47 (1.59–3.94)

 Lymphocyte (× 10⁹/L), median (IQR)

0.95 (0.56–1.39)

1.00 (0.51–1.42)

0.89 (0.57–1.36)

 Platelet (× 10⁹/L), median (IQR)

72 (44–131)

84 (51–139)

63 (42–128)

 NLR, median (IQR)

2.71 (1.90–4.98)

2.50 (1.64–5.80)

2.80 (1.92–4.86)

 PLR, median (IQR)

86.67 (56.53–138.52)

104.43 (65.77–170.0)

84.61 (51.68–132.48)

 Prothrombin time(s), median (IQR)

16.6 (14.6–19.6)

16.6 (14.5–20.1)

16.6 (14.6–19.5)

 INR, median (IQR)

1.35 (1.14–1.65)

1.36 (1.13–1.72)

1.35 (1.14–1.64)

Body composition variable

 SMA (cm²), median (IQR)

137.3 (113.2–156.4)

143.4 (123.0–166.2)

132.2 (109.4–156.2)

 SMD (HU), median (IQR)

37.3 (43.6–47.9)

43.0 (34.2–48.6)

44.0 (38.7–47.7)

 SAT (cm²), median (IQR)

90.6 (61.5–131.5)

109.3 (76.0–149.2)

84.6 (49.5–128.4)

 VAT (cm²), median (IQR)

77.9 (49.3–120.7)

101.0 (61.3–157.0)

69.6 (39.1–108.0)

 VSR, median (IQR)

0.87 (0.64–1.14)

0.95 (0.71–1.22)

0.86 (0.60–1.08)

 IMAT (cm²), median (IQR)

3.1 (2.0–5.4)

3.4 (2.4–6.0)

2.9 (1.9–5.2)