Fig. 3

A male patient aged 57 years with stage III nasopharyngeal carcinoma (T3N2MO). Pathological examinations suggested non-keratinizing undifferentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Before treatment, T2-IDEAL and T1WI images revealed nasopharyngeal masses on the right around the right levator veli palatini, tensor veli palatini, and internal carotid artery (a and b); the ASL series integrated with BRAVO series revealed high mass perfusion (c) with a TBF value of 110.34 mL·100 g⁻¹·min⁻¹; the maximum primary tumor diameter measured on axial T1WI enhanced imaging was 37.84 mm (d). Re-examination after the prescribed dose reached 40 Gy suggested minor tumor shrinkage (e and f) and slightly high mass perfusion (g), with a TBF value of 100.32 mL·100 g⁻¹·min⁻¹; the maximum primary tumor diameter measured on axial T1WI enhanced imaging was 36.14 mm (h). Follow-up examination one month after chemoradiotherapy completion revealed a residual tumor (arrows in i)