Table 3 Input data demographics and study dataset sizes, organised by publication date
From: Artificial intelligence for radiological paediatric fracture assessment: a systematic review
Author, year | Body part | Total dataset (patients) | Total dataset (exams and images) | Training set | Validation set | Test set |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Zhou [36] | Forearm | 226 | 226 radiographs (59 bowing fractures) | 226 radiographs (59 bowing fractures) | N/A | N/A |
Malek [32] | Lower limb (femur, tibia, fibula) | 57 | Unclear, presumed 57 exams. No mention of projections or total images. (25, 50% normal healing time; 25, 50% delayed healing time) | 39 exams (18, 50% normal; 18, 50% abnormal) | 9 exams (4, 44.4% normal; 5, 55.6% abnormal) | 17 exams (11, 64.7% normal; 6, 35.3% abnormal) |
England [31] | Elbow | 882 | 901 lateral radiographs (images) | 657 images (500, 76.2% normal; 157, 23.8% abnormal) | 115 images (82, 71.3% normal; 33, 28.7% abnormal) | 129 images (96, 74.4% normal; 33, 25.6% abnormal) |
Rayan [33] | Elbow | Not stated | 21,456 exams; 58,817 images | 20,350 exams; 55,721 images (4966, 24% normal, 15,384, 76% abnormal) | 1106 exams; 3096 images (516, 47% normal, 590, 53% abnormal) | N/A |
Choi [17] | Elbow | 810 | 1619 elbow exams; 3238 images | 1012 exams (780, 77.1% normal; 232, 22.9% abnormal) | 254 examinations (196, 77.2% normal; 58, 22.8% abnormal) | Temporal set: 258 exams (192, 74.4% normal; 66, 25.6% abnormal) Geographic set: 96 exams (72, 75.8% normal, 23, 24.2% abnormal) |
Starosolski [34] | Distal tibia | 490 | 490 exams; 245, 50% abnormal 245, 50% normal | Not stated | Not stated | 98 images (49, 50% normal; 49, 50% abnormal) |
Dupuis [30] | Appendicular skeleton | 2549 | 2634 exams; 5865 images | N/A | N/A | 1825, 69.2% normal; 809, 30.8% abnormal exams |
Zhang [35] | Distal radius | 30 | 55 × 3D ultrasound ‘sweeps’ of both wrists (injured and contralateral); Each ‘sweep’ having ~ 382 image slices Overall 19 cases of distal wrist fracture | 21 sweeps (~ 6000 images) Abnormal: Normal split not stated | 1640 image slices selected from 72 sweeps of 36 patients.23, 64% normal; 13, 36% abnormal cases 990, 60% normal; 650, 40% abnormal images Unclear how this validation dataset was acquired | N/A |
Tsai [58] | Distal tibia | 124 patients (35 abnormal, 89 normal) | 250 radiographs (177 normal, 73 abnormal) | 187 radiographs | 13 radiographs | 50 radiographs |