Endovascular embolization techniques in acute thoracic and abdominal bleedings can be technically reproduced and trained in a standardized simulation setting using SLA 3D printing: a 1-year single-center study

Insights into Imaging

Table 3 Subgroup analysis

Subgroups	Cases (#)	Average rating ± SD	p
Affected organ/system
Liver	7	7.3 ± 3.5	0.72
Pancreas	2	9 ± 1	0.60
Spleen	3	9.3 ± 0.9	0.59
Kidney	8	8.6 ± 3.5	0.59
Gastrointestinal	7	6.3 ± 4.3	0.28
Pulmonary	5	4.4 ± 4.6	0.031 *↓
Uterus	1	10 ± 0	0.90
Soft tissue	7	10 ± 0	0.032 *↑
Cause of hemorrhage
Aneurysm	2	9 ± 1	0.92
Anticoagulation	5	8.4 ± 3.2	0.62
Inflammation	5	7.8 ± 3.5	1.00
Post-surgical	7	8.3 ± 3.7	0.80
Trauma	2	10 ± 0	0.45
Tumor	16	7.1 ± 4.1	0.30
Others*	3	7 ± 4.2	0.94
Embolic agent
Microcoils	19	9.1 ± 2.3	0.045 *↑
Microparticles	9	4.9 ± 4.6	0.10
Microparticles and coils	7	9.6 ± 1	0.25
N-butyl cyanoacrylate	4	5.5 ± 4.6	0.16
Covered stent	1	n/a	n/a
Total	40	7.8

This table demonstrates the simulation success in categories of three subgroups: affected organ, cause of hemorrhage and embolic agent. * marks significant differences