Fig. 17

Imaging findings of congenital diseases causing bronchial dilatation. 3D reconstruction (a) and coronal CT image (b) show dilatation of the main airways in a patient with Mounier-Kuhn syndrome. Bronchiectasis, centrilobular opacities, and increased density predominantly affecting the lower lobes of the lungs are seen in a patient diagnosed with Kartagener (c, d). Upper lobe-predominant bronchiectasis and thickened bronchial walls are observed in cystic fibrosis (e–g). Severe and bilateral cystic bronchiectasis in the subsegmental bronchi (4th and 6th generation) is seen in a patient with Williams–Campbell syndrome (h)