Table 7 Radiological Follow-up after Image-Guided Percutaneous Lung Ablation

Successful treatment

Consolidative center surrounded by a peripheral ground-glass area > 5 mm

The peripheral ground-glass opacity evolves into a thin consolidative area

The resulting consolidation is typically more extensive than the original tumor

Progressive decrease in the size of the treated area

Persistence of a benign periablational enhancement, yet less than the original tumor

Three to six months after ablation: stability in size. After six months: progressive decrease in size

Increased enhancement compared to previous phases may exist

Unsuccessful treatment

Irregular peripheral nodular enhancement within the consolidative center

Excessive growth of the treated area

Irregular and peripheral enhancement or within central consolidation

PET/TC: solitary focal or peripheral FDG uptake or combined with a focal uptake at the consolidative center

Enlargement of the treated area after the first three months that persists beyond six months

Any FDG uptake suggests recurrence