Table 2 Radiologists’ thinking processes based on types of bias
From: Errors, discrepancies and underlying bias in radiology with case examples: a pictorial review
Types of bıas | Thınkıng process |
|---|---|
Attribution bias | “According to the patient demographics, the diagnosis is X / the diagnosis cannot be Y.” |
Alliterative bias (Satisfaction of report) | “Before me, other radiologists have ~ evaluated this study in favor of X. They cannot be wrong.” |
Availability Bias | “Just the other day, I saw a patient who had a lesion very similar to this one. If this finding is present, the diagnosis should be X. Their association is always correct.” |
Regret bias | “Once, I had overlooked the disease of X. If I miss the possibility of X this time, I may have problems. Let me talk about this in the report.” |
Framing Bias | “X is suspected in the clinical note. I should focus on X as the diagnosis to be confirmed or excluded.” |
Premature Closure | "My first impression is that it looks like X. So it should be X. It is not necessary to think about other probable diagnoses." |
Inattentional bias | "They are investigating X disease. I expect to see the Y finding in this disease." (The obvious Z finding is overlooked) |
Hindsight bias | “It is obvious that the patient has X. How could they miss this?” (After the diagnosis is made) |
Zebra retreat | "I think I am exaggerating a little. The diagnosis of X is very unusual. Better not to make people laugh at me." |
Scout neglect | “There are already cross-sectional images. How can scenogram contribute to the diagnosis? No need to look at it.” |
Anchoring Bias | "Against all odds, I think the diagnosis should be X. The existence of the counterarguments does not completely exclude X." |
Confirmation Bias | “I believe that the diagnosis is X. I should find previous reports in the literature to support my theory.” |