Fig. 16

Renal arteriovenous fistula. A 53-year-old male patient with a known history of nephrotic syndrome of unclear etiology presented to ED with recent-onset left flank pain and hematuria 2 months after percutaneous kidney biopsy. a Arterial phase axial plane post-contrast CT image showed early contrast filling of the dilated left renal vein (arrow). Also, note is made of associating ectatic venous structures within the renal hilum (arrowheads). b Coronal volume rendered image shows dilated left renal vein (arrows) with tortuous fistula tract having fusiform dilations (arrowheads) within the renal hilum. The patient was subsequently treated with surgical ligation and resection