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Insights into Imaging

Table 3 Mean dose data AP pelvic radiograph in absence of gonad shielding

From: Gonad shielding in pelvic radiography: modern optimised X-ray systems might allow its discontinuation

Year

Source of data

ESAK (mGy)

KAP (Gy cm2)

Effective dose (ICRP 103) (mSv)

Absorbed dose

Testesa (mGy)

Ovariesa (mGy)

1905

Beck, Biddle, Albers-Sch.b

341

173

11.4

149

13

1958

Janker, Lincolnb

25

15.4

1.32

15

2.1

2010

“European” DRLc

5.4

3.0

0.52

4.5

1.2

2017

Dutch target DRLd

2.7

1.5

0.26

2.3

0.61

2018

MUMC+

0.82

0.55

0.095

0.74

0.24

 

Dose 2018/Dose1905

0.22%

0.26%

0.86%

0.48%

2.0%

  1. ESAK entrance surface air kerma which includes backscatter (dose in air but on the skin) [61], KAP product of kerma free in air and area of primary X-ray beam, DRL diagnostic reference level
  2. aWith optimal shielding, these doses might be reduced by about 95% and 50%, respectively
  3. bPulsed voltages were used. The equivalent DC voltage was calculated on the basis of effective dose in the same way as kV peak was converted to DC-kV on the basis of kerma free in air [61]
  4. cMost common DRL in Europe (KAP = 3.0 Gy cm2) [70]
  5. dConservative Dutch target DRL (KAP = 1.5 Gy cm2) [74]
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