Gonad shielding in pelvic radiography: modern optimised X-ray systems might allow its discontinuation

Insights into Imaging

Table 2 Technique parameters AP pelvic radiography in our hospital (MUMC+)^a

Room	n	kVp	Tube current	t_exposure	Tube load	KAP	FID	KfiA	ESAK
			mA	ms	mA.s	Gy cm²	cm	mGy	mGy
1	238	81 ± 1	806 ± 15	20 ± 13	16 ± 10	0.48 ± 0.29	126 ± 11	0.52 ± 0.31	0.78 ± 0.46
2	110	85 ± 0	472 ± 2	49 ± 28	23 ± 13	0.70 ± 0.41	142 ± 7	0.61 ± 0.36	0.91 ± 0.54

^a Inherent filtration X-ray tube 3 mm Al, added filtration 0.1 mm Cu, anode angle 16°, a 25-cm distance from skin on X-ray entrance side to image receptor is assumed, backscatter factor 1.49
KAP kerma area product, FID ray focus to image receptor distance, KfiA kerma free in air at entrance position on skin (patient removed), ESAK entrance surface air kerma including backscatter (=KfiA × backscatter factor)