Fig. 19

AEF and DIP combined with fibrotic NSIP pattern. a Axial CT image through the upper lobes shows CLE and PLE, associated with reticulation (black arrows) and discrete patchy ground-glass opacities (white arrows). The areas of emphysema within the areas of GGO appear to have more well-defined walls, a finding termed as AEF. b Axial CT at the lower lobes shows GGO with scattered cystic changes, mild reticulation, and bronchiectasis (orange arrow), signifying underlying fibrosis. c Lung transbronchial criobiopsy with uniform thickening of alveolar septa by collagen deposition (black arrows), mild associated inflammation, emphysema, and respiratory bronchiolitis (white arrow) (H&E, × 100)