Vascular tumors in infants and adolescents

Insights into Imaging

Table 1 ISSVA classification of vascular tumors

Benign vascular tumors
Infantile hemangioma
Congenital hemangioma
• Rapidly involuting (RICH)^a
• Non-involuting (NICH)
• Partially involuting (PICH)
Tufted angioma^a
Spindle-cell hemangioma
Epitheloid hemangioma
Pyogenic granuloma
Others
Locally aggressive or borderline vascular tumors
Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma^a
Retiform hemangioendothelioma
Papillary intralymphatic angioendothelioma (PILA), Dabska tumor
Composite hemangioendothelioma
Pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma
Polymorpous hemangioendothelioma
Hemangioendothelioma not otherwise specified
Kaposi sarcoma
Others
Malignant vascular tumors
Angiosarcoma
Epitheloid hemangioendothelioma
Others

Of note: (1) reactive proliferative vascular lesions are listed within benign tumors, and (2) tufted angioma and Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma are frequently regarded as part of a spectrum rather distinct entities
^aLesions may be associated with thrombocytopenia and/or consumptive coagulopathy (Kasabach-Merrit phenomenon)