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Insights into Imaging
Fig. 3 | Insights into Imaging

Fig. 3

From: Response evaluation after neoadjuvant treatment for rectal cancer using modern MR imaging: a pictorial review

Fig. 3

Assessment of sphincter involvement. Coronal T2-weighted MR images of a male patient with a tumor in the distal rectum before (a) and after CRT (b). Before treatment the tumor extends into the proximal one third of the anal canal where it invades the internal anal sphincter on the left lateral side (arrow in a). After CRT, the tumor has decreased considerably in size and retracted from the anal canal. A fibrotic remnant (circles in b) remains visible above the level of the anorectal junction. The anal sphincter is no longer involved

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