From: Easily detected signs of perineural tumour spread in head and neck cancer
Fat pad or muscle signs | Cranial nerve affected | Imaging plane(s) best seen on |
---|---|---|
Fat pad anterior to the superior orbital rim | V1 | Axial and sagittal |
Fat superior to the levator palpebrae muscle | V1 | Coronal and sagittal |
Preantral and postantral fat pads | V2 | Axial |
Fat in pterygopalatine fossa | V2 | Axial and coronal |
Fat pad anterior to the mental foramen | V3 | Axial |
Mandibular bone marrow fat (in older adults ONLY, after red bone marrow has converted to fatty bone marrow) | V3 | Axial and coronal |
Fat pad at mandibular foramen | V3 | Axial and coronal |
Muscle of mastication | V3 | Axial and coronal |
Fat pad at stylomastoid foramen | VII | Axial |