Fig. 13

A 45-year-old man with bilateral leg swelling underwent an MR venogram of the abdomen and pelvis. Coronal image from a T2-weighted sequence (a) demonstrated an expanded suprarenal IVC with heterogeneous T2 high signal material, likely thrombus (arrow). Coronal (b) and axial (c) images from a venous phase T1-weighted fat-saturated post-gadolinium sequence demonstrates heterogeneous enhancement of the intraluminal IVC material, concerning for tumour thrombus. A coronal image from a T1-weighted fat-saturated post-gadolinium sequence of the abdomen (d) demonstrates a horseshoe kidney with an exophytic mass arising from the right lower moiety (curved arrow), which was subsequently confirmed as a papillary renal cell carcinoma on biopsy