Table 1 Wide spectrum of pitfalls and different classifications

Anatomic

 1. Hypertrophic anterior fibromuscular stroma

Benign conditions

 1. Moustache sign (small bilateral BPH nodules against the PZ)

 2. Moustache-like sign (larger adenoma against the PZ)

 3. Teardrop sign (median posterior compressed central zone)

 4. Teardrop-like sign (Protruding BPH above the verumontanum)

 5. Ectopic BPH nodule

 6. Haemorrhage

 7. Calcifications

Overestimation

 1. Periprostatic venous plexus

 2. Neurovascular bundle

 3. Prostatitis

Mispositioned endorectal coil

I. PCa in moustache sign

II. PCa in median posterior change (compressed central zone and BPH proliferation) in reversed teardrop

III. Ectopic BPH nodule vs abscess