Fig. 1From: Imaging biomarkers of dementia: recommended visual rating scales with teaching cases A. Widening of the ventricles on MRI. Interpretation key. Numbers equal the corresponding image in the supplementary PDF file. Appropriate wording for widening of the ventricles is: no, mild, moderate or severe widening. a/1) There are no visual rating scales for the size of the ventricles. Compare to the widening of a 25-year-old healthy individual. b/2) A third ventricle with a diameter of >10 mm is pathological at any age. c/6) No widening. d/16) No widening. e/17) In between no widening and mild widening. The third ventricle is wider than usual. f/20) Mild widening. Note the slightly wide frontal horn on the left side due to the frontal infarction. g/7) Mild widening h/9) Mild widening. i/15) Approaching mild widening. j/12) Mild bifrontal widening and no widening of posterior horns. k/11) Mild bifrontal widening and a left posterior horn with moderate widening. l/3) In this case: mild, with a moderate widening of the posterior horns. m/5) Mild widening of the frontal horns and moderate of posterior horns. n/8) Mild widening, with a moderate widening of frontal horns. o/19) In between mild and moderate widening but closer to moderate. p/13) Mild central widening, with the right posterior horn a bit wider, but not yet moderate. q/10) Mild widening of frontal horns and moderate of the posterior horns, especially the left posterior horn. r/14) Moderate widening, especially of posterior horns. s/18) Severe dilatation of third ventricle and moderate widening of the posterior horns. t/4) Severe widening of the ventricles, especially of the frontal horns. B. Widening of the ventricles on CT. Interpretation key. Numbers equal the corresponding image in the supplementary PDF file. a/1) No widening. The normative key. b/7) No widening, right deep MCA infarction is seen in the image. c/3) No widening d/19) No widening but wide cavum septi pellucidi et vergae. e/11) Nearly no widening. f/14) Between no widening and mild. g/6) Normal to mild widening. h/9) Mild widening. i/12) Mild widening. j/13) Mild widening. k/18) Mild widening of ventricles. l/17) Mild widening of lateral ventricles. Cavum septi pellucidi et verge makes ventricles look wider. m/15) Mild widening of the posterior horns without exceeding into moderate widening. n/20) Mild widening of frontal horns and a mild to moderate widening of the posterior horns. o/10) Mild widening with a moderate widening of the left posterior horn. p/8) Mild widening with a moderate widening of the right posterior horn. q/16) Mild widening of frontal horns and moderate widening of posterior horns. r/4) Mild to moderate widening s/5) A pronounced widening of the third ventricle. Maybe this indicates atrophy of the basal ganglia and thalami. t/2) Moderate wideningBack to article page