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Fig. 1 | Insights into Imaging

Fig. 1

From: Imaging biomarkers of dementia: recommended visual rating scales with teaching cases

Fig. 1Fig. 1

A. Widening of the ventricles on MRI. Interpretation key. Numbers equal the corresponding image in the supplementary PDF file. Appropriate wording for widening of the ventricles is: no, mild, moderate or severe widening. a/1) There are no visual rating scales for the size of the ventricles. Compare to the widening of a 25-year-old healthy individual. b/2) A third ventricle with a diameter of >10 mm is pathological at any age. c/6) No widening. d/16) No widening. e/17) In between no widening and mild widening. The third ventricle is wider than usual. f/20) Mild widening. Note the slightly wide frontal horn on the left side due to the frontal infarction. g/7) Mild widening h/9) Mild widening. i/15) Approaching mild widening. j/12) Mild bifrontal widening and no widening of posterior horns. k/11) Mild bifrontal widening and a left posterior horn with moderate widening. l/3) In this case: mild, with a moderate widening of the posterior horns. m/5) Mild widening of the frontal horns and moderate of posterior horns. n/8) Mild widening, with a moderate widening of frontal horns. o/19) In between mild and moderate widening but closer to moderate. p/13) Mild central widening, with the right posterior horn a bit wider, but not yet moderate. q/10) Mild widening of frontal horns and moderate of the posterior horns, especially the left posterior horn. r/14) Moderate widening, especially of posterior horns. s/18) Severe dilatation of third ventricle and moderate widening of the posterior horns. t/4) Severe widening of the ventricles, especially of the frontal horns. B. Widening of the ventricles on CT. Interpretation key. Numbers equal the corresponding image in the supplementary PDF file. a/1) No widening. The normative key. b/7) No widening, right deep MCA infarction is seen in the image. c/3) No widening d/19) No widening but wide cavum septi pellucidi et vergae. e/11) Nearly no widening. f/14) Between no widening and mild. g/6) Normal to mild widening. h/9) Mild widening. i/12) Mild widening. j/13) Mild widening. k/18) Mild widening of ventricles. l/17) Mild widening of lateral ventricles. Cavum septi pellucidi et verge makes ventricles look wider. m/15) Mild widening of the posterior horns without exceeding into moderate widening. n/20) Mild widening of frontal horns and a mild to moderate widening of the posterior horns. o/10) Mild widening with a moderate widening of the left posterior horn. p/8) Mild widening with a moderate widening of the right posterior horn. q/16) Mild widening of frontal horns and moderate widening of posterior horns. r/4) Mild to moderate widening s/5) A pronounced widening of the third ventricle. Maybe this indicates atrophy of the basal ganglia and thalami. t/2) Moderate widening

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