Table 1 Causes of pathologic atraumatic splenic rupture
From: Atraumatic splenic rupture, an underrated cause of acute abdomen
Abnormal coagulation | Therapeutic anticoagulation |
- Heparin | |
- Oral warfarin, rivaroxaban | |
- Systemic tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) thrombolysis | |
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura | |
Platelet deficiencies | |
Uremia - haemodialysis | |
Infections | Malaria |
Mononucleosis from Epstein–Barr virus infection | |
Endocarditis | |
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection | |
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection | |
Typhoid fever | |
Babesiosis | |
Dengue fever | |
Non-infectious inflammatory disorders | Systemic lupus erythematosus |
Polyarteritis nodosa | |
Haematologic malignancies | Acute and chronic myelogenous leukaemia |
Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia | |
Waldenstrom’s disease | |
Solid malignancies | Non-Hodgkin lymphoma |
Hodgkin’s disease | |
Splenic metastases | |
Splenic angiosarcoma | |
Miscellaneous | Pregnancy |
Acute pancreatitis | |
Vascular Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome | |
Amyloidosis | |
Ruptured benign splenic lesions (cyst, infarction, hamartoma, hemangioma, peliosis) |