Table 1 Diseases of the paediatric brainstem

Vascular:

 Infarction

 Haemorrhage

 Hypoxia

Vasculitis

Vascular malformations

Demyelination:

 ADEM

 Multiple sclerosis

 Neuromyelitis optica

 Osmotic demyelination

Metabolic and neurodegenerative:

 Leigh’s disease

 Maple syrup urine disorder

 Glutaric aciduria

 Wilson’s disease

Encephalitis:

 Viral

 Tubercular

 Fungal

 Parasitic

Tumours:

 Pontine glioma

 Tectal glioma

 Medullary glioma