Fig. 1

Embryologic development of the gynaecological tract. Diagram illustrates the embryologic development of the gynaecological tract. Between the fifth and sixth week after oocyte fertilization, a longitudinal groove called Müller’s groove arises from the coelomic epithelium on each lateral side to the mesonephric duct; the edges of this groove fuse to form a canal called the Müllerian or paramesonephric duct. Three parts of the paramesonephric ducts are recognizable: a cranial vertical portion, which opens directly into the coelomic cavity; a middle horizontal part, which crosses the mesonephric duct; a caudal vertical part, which fuses with its partner from the opposite side. In the eighth week the paired paramesonephric ducts fuse to form the upper two-thirds of vagina, the cervix, uterus, and both fallopian tubes. The lower third of the vagina is formed as the sinovaginal node canalizes. The mesonephric ducts regress as Gartner’s duct