False positive and false negative diagnoses of prostate cancer at multi-parametric prostate MRI in active surveillance

Insights into Imaging

Table 1 Sequence parameters for multi-parametric MRI of the prostate protocol performed with a pelvic surface coil^a at 3 T^b

	Imaging plane	Field of view (mm)	Matrix size	Slice thickness/gap (mm)	TR/TE (ms)	Echo train length	Flip angle	Acceler-ation factor	Receiver bandwidth (Hz/voxel)	Acquisition time (min)	Number of signals averaged
T1 TSE^c	Axial	350 × 350	320 × 320	5.0/1.0	720/8–14	3	111	N/A	244	4 min	2
T1 3D dual-echo GRE^d	Axial	240 × 240	292 × 224	4.0/1.0	4.8/1.1–1.3;TE12.2–2.5; TE2	N/A	12	2	558	Breath hold	1
T2 TSE	Coronal Sagittal Axial	220 × 220	320 × 256	4.0/0 3.0/0 3.0/0	3890–5250/105–125	27–35	111	N/A	122	4 min 4 min 4 min	1–2
DWI^e	Axial	280 × 280	128 × 80	5.0/1.0	4200/90	1	90	2	1950	5 min	4–10
T1 GRE^f dynamic contrast	Axial	220 × 220	128 × 128	4.0/0	4.3/1.3	N/A	12	2	488	6 min	1

^aIntegrated pelvic surface coils (4–16 channels) with activated spine coils (8–12 channels)
^bClinical 3-T systems: TRIO TIM (Siemens Medical, Malvern, PA) and Discovery 750 W (General Electric, Milwaukee, WI)
^cTurbo/fast spin echo
^dGradient recalled echo
^e DWI Diffusion-weighted imaging performed with spectral fat suppression echo planar imaging with tridirectional motion probing gradients and b values of 0, 0, 500, 1000, 1500 mm²/s with automatic apparent diffusion coefficient map generation
^fDynamic fast spoiled 2D GRE performed with a temporal resolution of 10 s after injection of 0.2 mmol/kg of gadobutrol (Gadovist, Bayer Inc., Toronto, ON) at a rate of 3 ml/s