Table 5 Indication and timing of surgery for heart failure in left-sided native valve infective endocarditis
From: Cardiac multidetector computed tomography in infective endocarditis: a pictorial essay
Indication | Timing |
|---|---|
Aortic or mitral IE with severe acute regurgitation or valve obstruction causing refractory pulmonary oedema or cardiogenic shock. | Emergency |
Aortic or mitral IE with fistula into a cardiac chamber or pericardium causing refractory pulmonary oedema or shock | Emergency |
Aortic or mitral IE with severe acute regurgitation or valve obstruction and persisting heart failure or echocardiographic signs of poor haemodynamic tolerance (early mitral closure or pulmonary hypertension) | Urgent |
Aortic or mitral IE with severe regurgitation and no HF | Elective |