Fig. 24
From: Radiological diagnosis of dialysis-associated complications
a, b, c. Angiography of the venous shunt in the left thigh in this 70-year-old male patient shows a proximal short segment of bottleneck just distal to the anastomosis in the distal left thigh (black arrow). Venous access occurs via the common femoral vein, whereby after passage of the intact vena saphena flaps, a 2-cm flow-limiting high-grade anastomosis stenosis on the transition of the POP1/POP2 segment is shown retrogradely. A balloon dilatation (PTA) could be performed without complications for significantly improved shunt function (black arrow)