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Insights into Imaging
Fig. 1 | Insights into Imaging

Fig. 1

From: Intraprocedural contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in liver percutaneous radiofrequency ablation: clinical impact and health technology assessment

Fig. 1

The case of a single HCC that had undergone RFA and immediate re-treatment because of the detection of residual unablated tumour with intraprocedural CEUS. In the left hepatic lobe pre-treatment CE-CT (a) and CEUS (b) show an HCC with typical hypervascularity in arterial phase (arrowheads). c The HCC is treated with single insertion of RF electrode (arrowheads). d Gas produced by heating during ablation (arrowheads) seems to diffuse beyond the tumour margins. e Intraprocedural CEUS performed few minutes after electrode withdrawal demonstrates residual enhancing viable tumour (arrows) at the periphery of the volume of necrosis (arrowheads). f Second insertion of RF electrode is performed aiming at the area of residual enhancement (arrows) (dotted line path of the electrode). g Post-ablation CEUS demonstrates large volume of necrosis (arrowheads) with complete ablation of the residual tumour previously detected (arrows). h Twenty-four-hour post-ablation CE-CT confirms that treatment is complete (arrowheads ablated zone)

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