Fig. 7

Normal LUS findings: a The transducer is placed in a longitudinal axis over an intercostal space at the anterior surface of the chest. b In the corresponding B-mode image, two ribs are visible aligning the intercostal space, as two hyperechoic lines with an underlying shadow. Lying deeper between the two ribs, a hyperechoic horizontal line is seen representing the visceral and parietal pleura. Using B-mode the movement of the pleural line is called “lung sliding”. c If M-mode scanning is applied, a characteristic pattern called “seashore sign” is visible. The pleural line appears as a hyperechoic line, with the more superficially placed structures appearing as horizontal lines similar to the sea and the part of the picture below the pleural line is grittier looking, mimicking the sand on a seashore