Table 1 Summary of the distribution of pathologies and fertility outcomes, i.e., pregnancies and abortions following the 86 HSG examinations that revealed pathological findings
Diagnosis at HSG: | Results of further workup: | Outcome: |
|---|---|---|
Uterine pathologies (30): | ||
Mucosal irregularities (4) | Mucosal irregularities (4) | 3/4 patients pregnant |
Filling defects of the uterine cavity (15) | Normal TVUS (4) | 1/4 patients pregnant |
Endometrial polyp (1) | Pregnancy after resection | |
Uterus myomatosus (1) | No pregnancy | |
Intramural and subserous myomas (1) | No pregnancy | |
Invasive endometriosis and scarring (1) | One miscarriage | |
Filling defects with unavailable follow-up information (5) | Unknown | |
No workup, insemination therapy (2) | No pregnancies | |
Müllerian duct anomalies: | ||
Arcuate uterus (5) | No workup (4), normal HSC and LSC apart from endometriosis (1) | 1 normal pregnancy, 1 abortion |
Hypoplastic uterus (4) | 2 with normal ultrasound/HSC | No pregnancies |
Uterus septus (1) | Confirmation at HSC, septum resected, no further follow-up information | Unknown |
Uterus bicornis bicollis (1) | Planned laparoscopy | Still in therapy |
Tubal pathologies (47) | ||
One-sided proximal tubal occlusion (17) | History of salpingectomy (5) | No pregnancies (4), unknown (1) |
Normal tubal morphology at laparoscopy (4) | 2 patients with successful pregnancies, 2 with miscarriages | |
Hydatid cyst occluding tube at laparoscopy (1) | No pregnancy | |
History of sterilization and refertilization (1) | No pregnancy | |
One-sided tubal malformation (1) | Spontaneous pregnancy | |
No further workup (2) | No pregnancies | |
No follow-up information available (3) | Unknown | |
Two-sided tubal occlusion (6) | Normal tubal aspect at laparoscopy (3) | 1 miscarriage after insemination |
Normal tubal aspect, endometriosis (1) | No pregnancy | |
Two-sided sactosalpinx (1) | No pregnancy | |
Tubes patent at laparoscopy, additional myoma identified and resected (1) | 1 miscarriage after spontaneous pregnancy | |
Diagnosis at HSG: | Further workup results: | Outcome: |
Tubal pathologies (continued) | ||
Sactosalpinx (5) | Unknown (1), therapeutic fimbriostomy (3), one of these tested positive for chlamydia | No pregnancies |
Spontaneous pregnancy before workup (1) | 1 spontaneous pregnancy | |
Postinfectious tubal irregularities (2) | No further workup | 1 spontaneous pregnancy |
Postoperative tubal pathology (1) | No further workup | No desire for children |
Left tube occluded, right salpingitis isthimica nodosa (1) | Left tube was resected, right normal aspect at LSC | No desire for children |
Right tube occluded, both tubes with postinfectious abnormalities (1) | LSC planned | 2 spontaneous abortions years ago |
Filling defect in a proximal tube (1) | Unknown | |
Salpingitis isthimica nodosa (1) | Unknown | |
Aspect of peritubal adhesions (12) | Additional polyp identified at HSC, normal tubes at LSC (1) | 1 miscarriage (patient with resected polyp) |
No further consequence (10) | 1 spontaneous pregnancy | |
Unknown (1) | 2 pregnancies after ICSI | |
Combined uterine and tubal pathologies (9) | ||
Filling defects and one-sided proximal tubal occlusion (3) | Tubes: Normal tube morphology at LSC but not patent (2), history of salpingectomy (1). Uterus: Polyps (1), normal morphology (1), unknown (1) | No pregnancies |
Filling defect and sactosalpinx (1) | No follow-up | Unknown |
Sactosalpinx and cervical pathology (1) | Salpingitis follicularis, history of extrauterine gravidity | No pregnancy |
Filling defect and adhesions (1) | Polyp removed at HSC | No pregnancy |
Tubal both-sided occlusion, arcuate uterus | No workup | Unknown |
One-sided tubal occlusion, synechiae (1) | Proximal tube resection and anastomosis. Afterwards no further contact with patient | Unknown |
Tubal irregularities (possibly postinfectious), minor filling defects (1) | Normal TVUS | 1 sponataneous abortion and 1 normal pregnancy following |