Fig. 13

Pseudo-arthrosis-like changes in AS. (a) AP and (b) lateral radiograph showing vertebral fusion except at iv Th10/11. There is surrounding osteophyte formation at this iv space (arrows). Supplementary CT, (c) sagittal and (d) coronal 2D reconstruction, demonstrates lack of fusion of the vertebral bodies and apophyseal joints at this level (arrows). (e) 3D reconstruction clearly demonstrates the exuberant surrounding reactive osteophytes