ESGAR 2020 Book of Abstracts

REVIEWING PANEL 6 O. Akhan, Ankara/TR

33-43 Authors' Index 44-48 As we have seen in the recent past, the coronavirus pandemic has a huge impact on our welfare and educational activities. Statements of public health authorities worldwide recommend to not hold workshops or congresses and furthermore, to also not participate in such activities. Due to an order by the Dutch Government, all gatherings (even of less than 100 people) are prohibited until June 1. The ESGAR 2020 Annual Meeting, with its planned date from May 19 -22, falls under the scope of this ban. In anticipation of this aggravation of the COVID-19 pandemic and related restrictive measures by the Dutch Government, ESGAR was cancelled on March 20. Thus, even though the ESGAR 31 st Annual Meeting and Postgraduate Course cannot take place in the usual way this year, publishing the ESGAR 2020 Book of Abstracts is a great way to continue to showcase the research, despite the current situation.
dates and times refer to the originally planned and cancelled face-to-face meeting in Amsterdam SS 1.3 Prognostic role of spleen volume measurement using CT in patients with compensated chronic liver disease from hepatitis B viral infection D.H. Lee, J. Yoo; Seoul/KR Purpose: To determine prognostic value of spleen volume in patients with compensated chronic liver disease (cCLD) from chronic hepatitis B (CHB) viral infection.
Material and methods: A total of 584 patients were retrospectively enrolled. The cumulative incidence (CI) of development of decompensation, HCC occurrence, and overall survival (OS) were estimated by Kaplan-Meier method. Spleen volume was measured using semi-automated 3D volumetric software. The Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to evaluate prognostic factors. To obtain the optimal cut-off spleen volume to predict each outcome, minimal p value approach method was used.
Results: After median follow-up of 92 months, 114 patients developed HCC, and estimated 7-year CI of HCC occurrence was 17.2%. A larger spleen volume was a significant predictor of HCC occurrence (hazard ratio [HR]=1.01, p=0.007). Decompensation occurred in 30 patients with 7-year CI of 5.0%, and larger spleen volume was also significantly associated with the development of decompensation (HR=1.01, p<0.001). Twenty-three patients died, and their estimated 7-year OS was 96.4%. A larger spleen volume also significantly affected OS (HR=1.01, p=0.038). The optimal cut-off spleen volume was set at 532 mL for HCC occurrence (7-year CI: 15.9% of smaller volume vs. 25.4% of larger volume, HR=2.13, p=0.001), 656.9 mL for the development of decompensation (7-year CI: 3.7% of smaller volume vs. 19.9% of larger volume, HR=7.33, p<0.001), and 741.1 mL for OS (7-year OS: 97.8% of smaller volume vs. 86.4% of larger volume, HR=4.51, p=0.007).
Conclusion: A larger spleen volume was significantly associated with HCC occurrence, the development of decompensation, and poor OS in patients with cCLD from CHB.

SS 1.4
Comparison of liver stiffness measurement with MR elastography and liver and spleen volumetry for the prediction of disease severity and hepatic decompensation in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis I.S. Idilman 1 , H.M. Low 2 , S.K. Venkatesh 3 ; 1 Ankara/TR, 2 Singapore/SG, 3 Rochester, MN/US Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate liver stiffness measures (LSM) with MR elastography (MRE) and volumetry measurements of liver and spleen and their correlation with disease severity and prediction of hepatic decompensation.
Material and methods: This retrospective study was approved by the institutional review board. MRI and MRE studies were reviewed and mean liver stiffness of the, total liver, right lobe, left lobe and caudate lobe, and spleen volumes were calculated. Qualitative evaluation of lobar atrophy or hypertrophy and the presence of macronodular regeneration (MNR) was recorded. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate correlations between LSM, volumetry measurements and Mayo risk score. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to predict hepatic decompensation.
Results: A total of 266 patients with PSC were included in the study. Lobar stiffness measures were higher in the presence of relative lobe atrophy. Mean LSM was higher in the presence of MNR. Significant correlations were observed between mean LSM and volumetry measurements with a fair correlation between LSM and spleen volume (rs=0.526, p<0.0001). Among the measurements, the best correlation was observed between mean LSM and Mayo risk score (rs=0.646, p<0.0001). In the multivariate analyses, mean LSM and Mayo risk score were significantly associated with the liver decompensation (hazard ratio, 1.18; 95%CI, 1.02-1.36 and hazard ratio, 1.65; 95%CI, 1.08-2.53, respectively). Conclusion: LSM with MRE performs significantly better than liver and spleen volumes for the prediction of both disease severity and hepatic decompensation.
Purpose: To assess the performance of liver surface nodularity (LSN) quantification for the differentiation between porto-sinusoidal vascular disease (PSVD) and cirrhosis.
Material and methods: The study included patients from 2011 to 2018 with histologically proven cirrhosis (n=104) or PSVD (n=52) matched for severity who underwent hepatic CT or MRI during the initial diagnostic workup. Performance of LSN for diagnosing PSVD was assessed using a receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis. Student's t test and ANOVA were used. Results: Patients were mostly men (110, 71%), with a mean age of 56±10 yrs (range 29-79). Overall, PSVD patients had a lower LSN value than patients with cirrhosis (2.70±0.63 vs. 3.23 ± 0.74, p<0.001). AUROC of LSN was 0.71±0.04. A cutoff value of 2.73 had a specificity of 74% for the diagnosis of PSVD. Stratifying cirrhosis patients by Child-Pugh score, LSN of patients with PSVD was lower in Child A (p=0.002) or Child B (p=0.005) patients, but not in Child C (p=0.40). Spleen diameter was significantly higher in patients with PSVD (mean 160 ± 47 vs. 138 ± 30mm, p<0.001). Combining LSN<2.73 and splenomegaly increased the diagnostic performance (AUROC=0.79±0.04). Conclusion: LSN quantification is a promising new tool for the differentiation between PSVD and cirrhosis, especially in patients with compensated disease. Association of LSN and splenomegaly appears to improve the diagnostic performance.

SS 1.7
The performance of transient elastography for the detection of advanced fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease M. Duczkowska, M. Wawrzynowicz-Syczewska, J. Miętkiewski, K. Jurczyk; Szczecin/PL Purpose: With obesity on the rise, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become one of the most common liver diseases worldwide. The detection of advanced liver fibrosis is key in prognosis and long-time management. Large patient volume and the inarguable drawbacks of liver biopsy have led to the development of newer diagnostic techniques for the assessment of hepatic fibrosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of transient elastography for the diagnosis of advanced liver fibrosis and cirrhosis in NAFLD.
Material and methods: Forty-two patients with NAFLD were enrolled in this study. All subjects had satisfactory liver biopsy specimens and reliable liver stiffness measurements (LSM). The diagnostic performance of TE was determined using ROC curve analysis. Optimal cut-off points with the highest Youden index for the diagnosis of F >= 3 and F = 4 fibrosis were selected. Results: For transient elastography, the calculated AUROCs for the detection of both advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis were 0.971 (95% CI = 0.928-1) and 0.984 (95% CI = 0.952-1), respectively. The optimal cut-off points were 8.9 kPa for F >= 3 (sensitivity 100%, specificity 90.3%) and 13.4 kPa for F = 4 (sensitivity 100%, specificity 94.3%). Conclusion: Transient elastography has an excellent diagnostic accuracy for the detection of both advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis in NAFLD. It can be successfully used to rapidly identify patients with a higher risk of liver-related complications.

SS 1.8
Quantitative MRI characterisation of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in a dietary rodent model M. Dioguardi Burgio 1 , P. Garteiser 1 , F. Julea 2 , A. Abyzov 2 , V. Paradis 1 , V. Vilgrain 1 , B. Van Beers 1 ; 1 Clichy/FR, 2 Paris/FR Purpose: To describe CT and MRI features of non-cirrhotic portal fibrosis (NCPF) in comparison to liver cirrhosis (LC), and to describe the characteristics of focal hepatic lesions detected in NCPF. Material and methods: In this retrospective case-control study, 43 patients with pathologically proven NCPF (24 men; mean age, 50.7 years) from 2005 to 2018 were included. The control group with pathologically proven LC consisted of 129 patients (97 men; mean age, 51.7 years) matched with liver function. We evaluated the presence of liver surface nodularity and grades of portal hypertension, and compared them between the two groups using generalized linear mixed model. In addition, the presence and characteristics of focal hepatic lesions detected in NCPF were analyzed.
Results: Most patients with NCPF (36/43, 83.7%) showed no liver surface nodularity, while the majority of patients with LC (115/129, 89.2%) showed nodularity (P < 0.001). Grade 2 or 3 portal hypertension was significantly higher in the NCPF group than in the LC group (P ≤ 0.003). In the NCPF group, six patients (14.0%) had at least one focal hepatic lesions with arterial hyperenhancement. The most common pathologic diagnosis (4/6, 66.7%) was focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH). No malignant lesion was detected during the follow-up period (mean, 60.7 months). Conclusion: In patients with portal hypertension, the absence of liver surface nodularity with higher grade portal hypertension is a suggestive feature of NCPF rather than LC. Benign focal lesions, most commonly FNH, were commonly accompanied in NCPF. Material and methods: We recruited representative, experienced CTC radiologists (median: 500-999 CTCs interpreted) who interpret CTC in their routine practice (median: 151 to 200 cases/year) from 72 NHS hospitals. We cluster randomised them into intervention (one-day training plus regular feedback) or control (no training or feedback) groups. Participants' sensitivity for colorectal cancer (CRC) and 6mm+ polyps was tested at 0, 1, 6 and 12 months post-training (intervention group) or post-enrollment date (control group), via interpretation of 10 CTC examinations with endoscopic validation. The primary outcome was the difference in sensitivity for 6mm+ polyps at the 1-month test between arms, analysed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Secondary outcomes include diagnostic sensitivity at 6 and 12 months.
Results: 139 radiologists were randomised (intervention: 79; control: 60); currently, data regarding the primary outcome are available for 89 (due to ongoing follow-up). Mean baseline sensitivity was similar between the two groups (intervention: 49.7% ±17.4%; control: 45.1% ±13.4%, p=NS). At 1 month postintervention, sensitivity was significantly greater in the intervention arm than the control group (  Results: Over the study period, 4878 CTCs were performed on a total of 4797 patients. CTC detected 173 CRCs. Over 36 months of follow-up, we found 12 post-imaging CRCs. Thus, the post-imaging CRC rate was 6.49 (95% CI 3.40 -11.10) per 100 cancers, and 2. 46 (1.27 -4.29) per 1000 CTCs. In retrospect, nine lesions were present on the index examination, two had sub-optimal CTC examinations, and one case was not visible on retrospective review. In cases of missed CRC, a) the initial study was not reported using flythrough and b) mean reporting times were significantly lower than the global mean. Conclusion: We suggest that routine use of virtual flythrough when reporting CTC may reduce the rate of interval colorectal cancers. In sub-optimal studies, the report should be explicit that a repeat examination should be considered.

SS 2.4
Low-volume reduced bowel preparation for CTC: a randomised controlled trial N. Panvini 1 , D. Bellini 1 , M. Rengo 1 , S. Vicini 1 , I. Carbone 1 , A. Laghi 2 ; 1 Latina/IT, 2 Rome/IT Purpose: To investigate the feasibility and patient tolerance of a reduced bowel preparation for CTC. Material and methods: Asymptomatic and symptomatic patients were enrolled in this multicentric randomised trial. All patients were randomly assigned (1:1 ratio, blocks of ten) to receive a reduced (52.5 g of Macrogol dissolved in 500 mL of water, RBP) or full (105 g of Macrogol in 1000 mL, FBP) bowel preparation and faecal tagging. Five readers performed a blinded subjective image analysis, by means of four-point Likert scales from 0 (highest score) to 3 (worst score). Endpoints were the quality of large bowel cleansing and tolerance to the assigned bowel preparation regimen. Results: Seventy-eight patients were randomly allocated to treatments (44 in FBP group, 34 in RBP group). Both groups resulted in optimal colon cleansing. Homogeneity of fluid tagging (median score 0 vs 0, p=0.075), volume of residual stools (median score 0 vs 0, p=0.082), and colonic distension (median score 0 vs 0, p=0.073) were similar for both groups. RBP resulted in better patient tolerance.
Conclusion: Reduced bowel preparation may provide better tolerance for patients undergoing CTC without affecting colon cleansing and image quality.

SS 2.5
Faecal immunochemical test for colon cancer and its implications on symptomatic CTC requests J.A. Stephenson, T.M. Osborne, V. Shah, R. Verma, B. Singh, D. Barnes; Leicester/UK Purpose: Due to overwhelming burden on local colonoscopy services, we have used straight-to-test (STT) CTC as the primary investigation for patients >60 years old referred from primary care with change in bowel habit (CIBH) since 2016. This led to a significant increase in the numbers of CTC performed. In line with national guidance, we now use faecal immunochemical test (FIT) to triage patients prior to investigation. We assess the impact of FIT on CTC referrals. Material and methods: FIT test was introduced in February 2018 and symptomatic patients with CIBH and a FIT <4ug/ml did not progress to CTC for exclusion of colon cancer. We compared the number of CTC requests from the STT pathway and from outpatients pre-and post-implementation of FIT.
Conclusion: FIT has the potential to reduce the burden on secondary care investigations to exclude bowel cancer. Our experience has shown that a FIT level of <4ug/ml reduced the number of STT referrals by ~25%. A FIT level at 10ug/ml would lead to a reduction of ~75% with significant beneficial cost and service provision impact. Interestingly, we have seen corresponding increases in non-STT referrals for CTC, a number of which had, had a negative FIT.

SS 2.6
The impact of mismatch repair status on the preoperative staging of local colon cancer E. Erbs, S. Rafaelsen, J. Lindebjerg, L.H. Jensen, T.F. Hansen; Vejle/DK Purpose: CT scan is standard in preoperative local staging of colon cancer. Tumours with a deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) system are characterised by unique clinical and pathophysiologic aspects that may impact the accuracy of the preoperative CT staging. Material and methods: Data from the Danish Colorectal Cancer Group national clinical database addressing a cohort of patients operated for stage I-III colon cancer during 2010-15 were analysed. The analyses of MMR status had been conducted consecutively through means of immunohistochemistry. All CT scans were blindly assessed by a certified radiologist. Results: Data from 590 patients, operated at a specialised cancer centre, were available for analyses. 135 (22.9%) of the patients had tumours demonstrating dMMR. The overall correlation of the clinical and pathological T-category was significant for both groups. There was an inferior correlation between clinical (cN) and pathological (pN) N-category (p>0.05) in pMMR cancers with a higher degree of over-staging assessed by CT scan compared to a significant correlation between cN and pN stages in pMMR cancers (p<0.01). Of the 91 dMMR tumours assessed node-positive by the preoperative CT scan, 59 (64.8%) showed no sign of metastatic involvement at the postoperative assessment. Conclusion: Preoperative CT staging of dMMR colon cancer seems to overestimate nodal involvement and two-thirds of the patients preoperatively judged node-positive are false positive. The overall clinical value of a routine assessment of MMR status in the diagnostic setup is evident and the current study argues for implications to treatment decisions as well.

SS 2.7
Positron emission tomography may be useful to stage patients with rectal cancer and lateral pelvic lymph nodes with a short axis of at least 5 mm C.D. Ortega (4) nodular. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of the patterns were calculated, as well as interobserver agreement.

SS 3.6
Audit and service evaluation: improving outcomes in pancreatic cancer surgery: does the use of a standardised reporting template improve report quality in pancreatic and peri-ampullary malignant tumours in a tertiary referral centre? R.M. Hodnett, R.A.K. Ibrahim, G. Miles, M. Puckett, E.M. Armstrong, S. Aroori; Plymouth/UK Purpose: At our tertiary hepato-pancreatico-biliary surgical centre, imaging of pancreatic and periampullary malignancy is performed and reported at patients' local hospitals before referral, and reviewed for multi-disciplinary team meeting (MDTM) by specialist GI radiologists at our centre. There is resultant heterogeneity of imaging and reporting practice. We assess whether using a reporting template reduces heterogeneity and improves report quality and, ultimately, patient outcomes. Material and methods: This audit was registered with our centre's audit and assurance team; ethical approval was not required. A surgical database search identified all surgically managed patients with confirmed diagnosis of pancreatic/peri-ampullary malignancy over 18 months. The CT imaging available at time of decision to operate was anonymised; reports were audited against a modified National Comprehensive Cancer Network® (NCCN) reporting template. New reports were produced by two experienced GI radiologists utilising the same template and compared to the original reports. Portal-phase CT and/or positron-emission tomography (PET) findings were analyzed by two board-certified radiologists in consensus for the following items: size, shape, margin, degree of enhancement and fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake, homogeneity, presence of intralesional fat, necrosis, calcification, adjacent organ invasion, peritoneal thickening, and mass effect. For quantitative analysis, the Hounsfield unit (HU) of lesions and psoas muscles as well as maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of the lesions were measured. Imaging findings were compared between desmoid tumor and peritoneal seeding groups using statistical analysis methods. Results: Desmoid tumors frequently showed iso-attenuation (14/17) while peritoneal seeding depicted high attenuation (12/16) compared to psoas muscle (P=0.001). Intralesional fat was more frequently found in desmoid tumors (8/17) than in peritoneal seeding (1/16) (P=0.017). Desmoid tumors frequently showed well-defined margin (9/17) and smooth contour (13/17) whereas peritoneal seeding had ill-defined margin (13/16) and lobuating contour (

SS 4.5
Post-chemoradiotherapy assessment of anal carcinoma using MRI in biopsy-proven patients: preliminary results R. Faletti, T. Perelli, M. Gatti, P. Fonio; Turin/IT Purpose: To evaluate the role of MRI in local response assessment and detection of early local relapse after chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in patients with anal squamous cell carcinoma (AC). Material and methods: Twenty-three patients with histologically proven AC who completed pre-(t0), post-CRT 4-week(t1) and 20-week(t2) MRIs and pre-(t0) and post-CRT 20-week(t2) PET scan were included. Tumor size (D, mm), volume (V, cc), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC, mm2/s), time to peak (TTP, sec) and SUV were recorded. Lesion biopsy performed at 6 months was the gold standard test for the evaluation of response to treatments (responder, r, or nonresponders, nr). Data were analyzed using non-parametric test and ROC curve. Results: Twenty patients were classified as responders. In the responder group, all the parameters significantly changed (decrease of D, V and SUV; increase of ADC and TTP Conclusion: V t0 ≤120 cc, V t1 ≤40 cc, ΔV% t1 ≥80% and D t1 ≤40 mm seem to be markers of good response to treatment. After therapy, there is a significant increase of ADC and TTP in all patients, without a significant difference between the two groups: in the future, the addition of more non-responder patients could confirm this difference.

SS 4.6
Positron emission tomography/CT performed at 3 months following chemo-radiotherapy predicts outcomes in anal cancer J. Mercer, H. Mistry, P. Manoharan, T. Westwood, A. Renehan, R. Kochhar; Manchester/UK Purpose: Early salvage surgery after locoregional failure of chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for anal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC) is associated with better outcomes. Previous data suggest equivocal findings on 3 months post-treatment MRI in more than half of cases, potentially delaying curative surgery or leading to unnecessary EUA and biopsy. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of 3m post-treatment positron emission tomography (PET)/CT in predicting outcomes in ASCC. Material and methods: 257 patients were consecutively managed for ASCC from January 2012 to January 2018. With local ethical approval, reports for 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET/CT performed 3 months following CRT were placed into 5 tumour regression categories based on combined qualitative and semiquantitative assessment of anal canal metabolic activity. Outcome measures were overall survival (OS) and locoregional treatment failure/time to progression. Univariable and complete case multivariable landmark analyses, 3-month landmark time, of the covariates of interest were conducted using the Cox proportional hazards model. Presentation of survival curves using the Kaplan-Meier method and p-values from the log-rank test is reported.
Results: 243 patients were included. Patients who had residual disease at 3 months as suggested by the PET/CT Tumor regression grading (TRG) score and confirmed on EUA/biopsy had poorer prognosis. Multivariable analysis showed that PET/CT response was a strong predictor of locoregional failure (HR 7.14 (3.89-13.11), p<0.001) and overall survival (HR 7.55 (3.90-14.61), p<0.001).
Conclusion: FDG-PET/CT is highly accurate in assessing early response to treatment in ASCC, an excellent predictor of outcomes and streamline management pathways. This study supports the inclusion of PET/CT in response assessment for anal cancer. Purpose: Use of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) (vs. T2W-MRI) has been shown to affect tumour segmentation and volumetry in different tumour types, including anal cancer. Segmentations in research are typically done by radiologists, while clinical segmentations (radiotherapy planning) are done by radiation oncologists. The aim was to evaluate how use of DWI vs. T2W-MRI affects tumour segmentation in anal cancer and compare results between radiologists and radiation oncologists. Material and methods: The staging MRIs (T2W-MRI and b800-DWI) of 25 anal cancer patients were retrospectively analyzed by two radiologists and two radiation oncologists. Readers manually segmented the tumour volumes, first on T2W-MRI (without seeing the DWI) and subsequently on b800-DWI. Mean segmented volumes were compared between T2W-MRI and DWI and between readers. Inter-reader agreement was calculated using the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC

Seoul/KR, 2 Seongnam-si/KR
Purpose: To evaluate preoperative CT findings to predict margin-positive resection and poor survival in perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. Material and methods: From 2006 to 2012, 139 patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma who underwent preoperative multi-phase CT and subsequent curative-intent surgery were included. Two radiologists assessed CT findings including likelihood of bile duct (BD) involvement from intrapancreatic common bile duct (CBD) to bilateral second-order branches and peritumoral fat stranding using 5-point scale, vessel involvement (no, abutment, encasement), BD anatomy variation, parenchymal atrophy and lymph node (LN) involvement. Residual tumor categorized into complete resection (R0) and margin-positive resection (R1 or R2) based on histopathology. Chi-square test and logistic regression were used for analyzing predictive factors of margin-positive resection. Also, survival analysis by Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression analysis were performed with CT findings and laboratory results.
Conclusion: Distal longitudinal extent of perihilar cancer on preoperative CT is a significant factor for margin-positive resection and poor survival on curative intent surgery.

SS 4.9
CT-based radiomics for the prediction of outcome after somatostatin analogues in patients with liver metastases of a neuroendocrine tumour: an exploratory study F. Staal 1 , M. Taghavi  Material and methods: Thirty-eight consecutive patients with pathologically confirmed small intestine or pancreatic NET (grade 1=24/grade 2=14), treated with SSAs underwent contrast-enhanced CT. The whole liver was semi-automatically delineated on arterial phase with Philips Intellispace Portal, excluding main vessels and bile ducts. Five histogram features were extracted with Pyradiomics, using different Laplacian-of-Gaussian (LoG) filters. Response (progressive disease (PD) vs. stable disease (SD) or partial response (PR)) was assessed with RECIST1.1. Response and grade (1 vs. 2) were compared with Mann-Whitney U or independent t test. Univariate Cox regression was used for overall survival (OS) analyses. Results: 10/38 patients had PD (median follow-up 53 months) and 28 had PR/SD (median follow-up 65 months, p=0.065). Radiomics features did not significantly differ between patients with PD compared to patients with PR/SD. Kurtosis (unfiltered+LoG0.5) was significantly different between patients with grade 1 and 2 NET (p=0.05). Skewness, mean (LoG2.5) and kurtosis (LoG2.5) were significantly associated with OS (HR 0.76 (95%CI: 0.61-0.95); HR 1.96 (95%CI: 1.07-3.60) and HR 1.07 (95%CI: 1.02-1.12), respectively). Conclusion: These preliminary data show no value for whole-liver CT-based radiomics to identify NET patients treated with SSAs that will show progression. Whole-liver CT-based radiomics might show the potential to identify patients at risk of impaired outcome (i.e. higher grade and OS). These findings need to be validated in a larger cohort and lesion-based analysis will be explored to investigate whether this leads to better results.

SS 4.10
Evaluation of predictive factors of radioembolisationinduced liver disease in patients with liver metastases treated with Y90-radioembolisation R.H. Hayoz, A. Digklia, C. Dromain, A. Hocquelet, A. Denys, J. Prior, N. Schaeffer, J.-F. Knebel, R. Duran; Lausanne/CH Purpose: Y90-radioembolization is increasingly used in cancer patients. Even though Y90-radioembolization demonstrated to be safe and effective, in some cases it may lead to the so-called radioembolization-induced liver disease (REILD) that is characterized as the occurrence of jaundice and ascites 1-2 months after treatment in patients without tumor progression or bile duct obstruction. The purpose of our study was to identify risk factors of REILD in patients with liver metastases treated with Y90-radioembolization. Material and methods: A retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected database was performed. 116 patients with liver metastases (mean age: 66 years, range 24-91y) were treated with Y90-radioembolization (2010-2017). Demographics, radiological, functional and clinical data, number and treatment parameters of SIRT, and administered treatments (chemo-/immunotherapy, liverdirected locoregional therapies) were analyzed. The effect of those parameters was determined by univariate analysis.
Results: 78 patients were included in this ongoing analysis. Mean administered dose was 1.9UKq (0.3-5.87). The administered dose correlated with a significant increase in bilirubin and ASAT levels at 1 month post-SIRT (r=0.358, p=0.017 and r=0.39, p=0.006). A trend was observed for bilirubin at 3 months (r=0.288, p=0.068). 9 REILD were observed. Univariate logistic regression demonstrated that baseline y-GT was predictive of REILD (OR=1.302, 95%CI=1.045-1.66; p=0.022). None of the other investigated factors were predictive of the occurrence of REILD. Conclusion: REILD is an uncommon but potentially severe complication that can happen in patients with liver metastases treated by Y90-radioembolization. Patients with elevated baseline y-GT are at increased risk of REILD.

Scientific Session SS 5
Machine learning and radiomics: current applications in GI imaging

SS 5.1
Radiomics machine-learning model for the prediction of local tumour progression after thermal ablation for colorectal liver metastases M. Taghavi  Purpose: This study examined whether radiomics and deep learning are predictive of tumour response in patients with oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) treated by neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) and surgery. Material and methods: Ninety-five patients (65 training and 30 validation cohorts) who had undergone pre-treatment fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG-PET) studies were included and classified as those who achieved complete pathological response (pCR) and those who did not. The primary tumours were segmented using a fixed threshold approach and radiomics features extracted to construct a hand-crafted radiomics (HCR) signature. The contoured volume of interest (VOI) and the PET images were input into a fully convolutional neural network (CNN) for volumetric medical imaging (VNet) for the prediction of pCR. A third model was constructed combining both the radiomics and deep features.
Results: pCR was achieved in 36 (37.9%) patients. The HCR signature achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.787. We observed substantial overfitting in our deep learning model and instead, the CNN generated VOI of the primary tumour and 8 stable deep features. A single deep feature was shown to be predictive of pCR with an AUC of 0.741. The model was improved when both the HCR and deep features were combined (AUC 0.839).
Conclusion: HCR features provide incremental value to deep learning for predicting pCR in OSCC patients undergoing nCRT. Our approach not only has the potential to provide a personalised management plan for these patients but also demonstrates a novel approach in tackling small medical imaging datasets using deep learning.

SS 5.3
Radiomic analysis of hepatobiliary-phase primovist MRI is associated with disease-free survival in patients with surgically resectable colorectal liver metastases J. Purpose: Colorectal cancer with liver metastases (CRLM) is potentially curable with surgical resection; however, clinical prognostic factors can insufficiently stratify patients. This study aims to assess whether radiomic features from CT and MRI are prognostic and can inform clinical decision-making. Material and methods: This single-site retrospective study included 102 patients who underwent CRLM resection with pre-operative CT and MRI with gadoxetic-acid (EOB). A lasso-regularized multivariate Cox proportional hazards model was applied to 3 sets of 104 radiomic features derived from the portalvenous CT, unenhanced T1-weighted fat-suppressed (T1FS) and hepatobiliary phase (HBP) data, respectively, to determine association with disease-free survival (DFS). A prognostic index was derived using the significant Cox regression coefficients and their corresponding input features and a threshold was determined to classify patients into high-and low-risk groups, and DFS compared using log-rank tests.
Results: Two radiomic co-variates were significantly associated with DFS; minimum pixel value (MIN) (HR=1.66, p=0.00016) and small area emphasis (HR=0.62, p=0.0013) from the EOB-MRI data. Radiomic T1FS and CT features were not prognostic. The prognostic index stratified high-and low-risk prognostic groups, although this was not significant (HR 0.251, p=0.096). MIN was positively associated with delayed tumour enhancement (r= 0.77, p< 2 x 10-16). Conclusion: Radiomic HBP primovist MRI features are associated with DFS, but not those derived from CT or T1FS data, and are partly explained by delayed tumour enhancement, likely due to post-treatment tumour fibrosis. This merits further validation for potential clinical implementation to inform patient management. Deventer/NL, 7 Boston, MA/US Purpose: To explore the performance of deep learning to perform fully automated segmentation of rectal tumors on baseline MRI using a multicenter dataset (with variations in acquisition protocols and scan quality reflecting daily practice). Material and methods: Baseline staging MRIs of 355 patients (from 6 centers) were analyzed. Overall scan quality was assessed using a 5-point Likert score (0=poor) to 4=excellent). Data were randomly split into train:validation:test cohorts (ratio of 5:1:4). An expert-radiologist manually delineated all rectal tumours to serve as training input. Using the T2-weighted, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI)-b1000 and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC)-maps from the training+validation cohorts, an attention-gated u-net was trained, with optimal hyperparameters (including learning rate, optimizer algorithm and batch-size) determined via grid search. A second expert-radiologist independently resegmented all patients in the test cohort to calculate inter-reader agreement using the dice similarity coefficient (DSC). Agreement (DSC) between the trained network and the expert-segmentations was compared to the expert inter-reader agreement (serving as the standard of reference).
Conclusion: Despite large variations in scan protocol/image quality, deep learning networks achieved a promising overall performance to automatically segment rectal tumours on MRI. Better results were achieved after exclusion of poor-quality scans, with agreement levels up to 0.63-0.68 (versus 0.75 between expert-radiologists).

SS 5.5
Assessment of malignant potential in intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas using MR findings and texture analysis S.K. Jeon

SS 5.7
Gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI radiomics signature: prediction of clinical outcome in HCCs after surgical resection Z. Zhang, B. Song; Chengdu/CN Purpose: To evaluate the efficiency of gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI-based radiomics features for the prediction of overall survival (OS) in HCC patients after surgical resection. Material and methods: 120 patients with surgically confirmed HCC were enrolled. Three different regions of interests were delineated on each phase with automatic and manual approach: 1) a region of the entire tumor (ROI tumor ); 2) a 1-cm-wide radius surrounding the tumor boundary (ROI penumbra ); and 3) a region of liver parenchyma excluding intratumor and peritumoural region (ROI liver ). Radiomics signatures (Rad-scores) were built from radiomics features in different ROIs with LASSO Cox regression analysis. Preoperative clinical characteristics and semantic imaging features potentially associated with OS were evaluated to develop a clinical-radiological model. Then the radiomics features and clinic-radiological predictors were integrated into a combined model using multivariable Cox regression analysis. Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank test were performed to compare the discriminative performance, and evaluated on the validation cohort.
Results: The combined Rad-score showed significant association with OS in both cohorts (all p< 0.001) and could successfully stratified patients into higher risk or lower risk groups. To determine whether CT texture analysis (CTTA) has a value in the prediction of disease-free survival (DFS) in patients with mass-forming type intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (mICC) undergoing surgical resection.
Material and methods: The late arterial-phase CT scans of 89 patients with mICC who underwent surgical treatment were retrospectively analyzed. CTTA was performed using a software (Radiomics, Syngo.via Frontier, Siemens Healthineers, Forchheim, Germany) that employed a first-order and secondorder texture analysis by drawing a region of interest of 1) the largest crosssectional area of the tumor (2D) and 2) whole tumor volume (3D). Patients were followed up until disease progression. Cox proportional hazard models were used to determine the relationship between texture features and DFS.
Results: Univariate analysis of 2D texture identified that first-order mean (p=.001), energy (p=.037), kurtosis (p=.001), and shape-flatness (p=.006) were significant univariate markers of DFS. Univariate analysis of 3D texture yielded mean (p<.001) as a significant factor. Among clinicopathologic parameters, size (p <.001), extrahepatic involvement (p=.006), multiplicity (p=.016), lymph node involvement (p=.000), and CEA (p=.003) were significant univariate markers. A Cox regression model including all significant univariate markers identified no significant texture factors on 2D analysis but first-order mean (p=.006) on 3D analysis. Size and lymph node (LN) involvement were significant factors on 2D and 3D analyses and CEA was a significant factor in 2D analysis on multivariate analysis. Conclusion: The mean of the 3D texture parameters is independently associated with poorer DFS in patients with mICC, while other texture parameters did not show correlation with DFS.

SS 5.9
Influence of different adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction levels on CT radiomic features were analyzed. Subsequently, raw data of filtered backprojection (FBP) were reconstructed with 10 levels of ASIR (from 10 to 100). Two radiologists analyzed texture features of liver and kidney tissues using two different regions of interest (ROIs) that were cloned for all eleven different iteration level datasets. Data were elaborated with TexRad Medical Imaging Software. Six different radiomic features (mean, sd, entropy, mpp, skewness, kurtosis) were extrapolated and compared between FBP and all ASIR levels.
Results: Texture analysis of the liver revealed significant differences between FBP and all ASIR reconstructions for mean (all p<0.002), sd (all p<0.0001), entropy (all p<0.0001) and mpp (all p<0.0001), while no significant differences were observed for skewness and kurtosis between FBP and all ASIR reconstructions (all p>0.45 and all p>0.58, respectively). Similar results were obtained for kidney analysis with no significant differences for skewness and kurtosis (all p>0.053 and all p>0.176, respectively) and significant changes for mean (all p<0.0001), sd (all p<0.0001), entropy (all p<0.0036) and mpp (all p<0.0001).
Conclusion: No influence of iterative reconstruction algorithm was reported for skewness and kurtosis compared to FBP in liver and kidney analysis whereas mean, sd, entropy and mpp were significantly affected by ASIR. Skewness and kurtosis may be reliable quantitative parameters.

SS 5.10
Prediction of splenomegaly in >100,000 structured oncologic radiology reports using natural language processing S. Sun 1 , K. Purpose: Disease activity during pregnancy in women with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with miscarriage and low birth weight. GIUS has a high potential for monitoring disease activity. The aim of this prospective study is to determine the feasibility and the reliability of GIUS in pregnant IBD patients. Material and methods: Patients were included to the study when visiting the IBD pregnancy clinic. At each trimester, clinical and biochemical disease activity was evaluated and GIUS was performed. Feasibility was assessed by the ability to visualize each bowel segment (terminal ileum (TI), ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid colon). Reliability was evaluated using fecal calprotectin (FCP) as the gold standard. Bowel wall thickness (BWT) of >3 mm in the colon and >2mm in the TI was considered as active inflammation on US.
Results: Thirty-two IBD patients were studied. Eleven of 32 patients had clinically active disease at least at one time point during the pregnancy. Visibility of TI and sigmoid declined from 85% and 95% in the first trimester to 22% and 45% in the third trimester, respectively. FCP levels were higher in patients with active disease on GIUS (mean 1095.5 ± 1453.8 mg/g vs 265.25 ± 649.8 mg/g, p<0.0001). When active, disease was defined as a FCP ≥ 250 mg/g, GIUS could distinguish active from non-active disease in the first, second and third trimesters with a sensitivity of 80%, 75% and 75% and specificity of 85%, 86% and 100%, respectively. Conclusion: GIUS is feasible and reliable to assess disease activity throughout pregnancy in IBD.

SS 6.6
Early detection of mucinous adenocarcinoma within fistulating peri-anal Crohn's disease A. Corr, D. Burling, P. Lung, L. Reza, A. Hart, P. Tozer, I. Jenkins; London/UK Purpose: Development of peri-anal fistula mucinous adenocarcinoma (MA) is a presumed rare but recognised event in patients with fistulating peri-anal Crohn's disease. The true incidence is unknown with a lack of robust registry data. Fistula mucinous cancers may evade early diagnosis, often necessitating morbid exenterative surgery. This study aimed to improve early detection of these cancers. Material and methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of 8 cases of biopsy-proven MA that had developed within Crohn-related anal fistula. MRI studies pre-dating the diagnosis of malignancy were reviewed to establish whether there are early predictive features of MA. Demographic, disease and surgical history were collected. Results: The median time to histological diagnosis of MA from the time of diagnosis of Crohn's disease was 426 (96-480) months and from diagnosis of fistulating disease 66 (24-156) months. On review of MRI, characteristic "budding" appearance within the T2 high-signal "sepsis"/fistula tract is noted in all of our MA fistula cancers. This finding pre-dates the histological diagnosis of MA by a median of 42 months (12-156). Metastatic disease was not detected in any of the 8 cases. Potentially curative pelvic exenteration was possible in 7 patients. Conclusion: There is an opportunity for early detection of the development of MA in anal fistula by recognition of "budding" within the tract. Earlier diagnosis may lessen the magnitude of subsequent radical surgery following prolonged growth of these lesions. Long-standing Crohn's anal fistula should be surveyed with MRI and any finding of "budding' within the tract on T2 sequences should prompt urgent examination under anaesthetic and biopsy.

SS 6.7
Inter-observer agreement of an expert panel for GIUS in ulcerative colitis F.

Luneberg/DE
Purpose: GIUS is increasingly performed in inflammatory bowel disease to assess disease activity and treatment response. It correlates well with endoscopy and other cross-sectional imaging modalities. However, the reliability of GIUS has poorly been investigated for ulcerative colitis (UC). Therefore, we conducted a study to assess inter-observer agreement in UC. Material and methods: Thirty patients with UC were included. Cine-loops were recorded for the sigmoid in a longitudinal and cross-sectional axis. Cine-loops were scored by five independent raters blinded for clinical disease activity. The cine-loops were scored for bowel wall thickness (BWT), Doppler activity (0=no signal, 1=small spots limited to the wall, 2=long stretches within the wall, 3=long stretches reaching into the mesenterium), inflammatory fat, bowel wall stratification, loss of haustration and lymph nodes (present or absent Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate the safety and the effectiveness of percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC) of the pancreatic body, assessing overall survival of patients and evaluating the effects of the procedure in the clinical and radiological follow-up. Material and methods: Patients with unresectable LAPC after the failure of at least six months of chemoradiotherapy have been retrospectively included. Percutaneous RFA was performed after a preliminary US feasibility evaluation. Contrast-enhanced CT and CA 19.9 sampling were performed before, 24-hours and 30-days after the procedure, to evaluate the effects of the ablation. Patients were followed up after discharge considering the two main endpoints: procedure-related complications and death.

Bern/CH
Purpose: Our study is aimed at evaluating whether CT-based assessment of skeletal muscle mass is associated with mortality after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) creation in patients with cirrhosis and refractory ascites.

Material and methods:
We retrospectively reviewed the clinical information and pre-TIPS CT images of patients with cirrhosis and refractory ascites who underwent TIPS, using ePTFE-covered stent, at a single center in the period between 1/2015 and 11/2018. Evaluation of skeletal muscle mass was made by measuring the psoas muscle (PMA) and total abdominal muscles areas (TAMA), in a semi-automated way, using a specific software at the level of the third lumbar vertebra. Results: 90 patients (mean age 61 ± 9 years) were included. Mean pre-TIPS MELD score was 12±4. The average time between CT and TIPS was 56 days. 16 patients (17%) died within 6 months of TIPS creation. Univariate analysis demonstrated that PMA, TAMA, hemoglobin level, white blood cell count, serum albumin, serum bilirubin, portal pressure gradient (PPG) and MELD score pre-TIPS were strongly associated with 6-month mortality after TIPS. PMA had an area under the ROC curve of 0.702 for 6 months mortality and a PMA cutoff of 16 mm 2 (sarcopenia) was correlated with mortality. At multivariate Cox regression analysis sarcopenia, leucopenia, MELD score and PPG were independent predictors of post-TIPS 6-month mortality. Conclusion: Sarcopenia, assessed by PMA on standard CT images, should be considered a risk factor for 6-month mortality in patients with cirrhosis who undergo TIPS placement for refractory ascites. Results: Mean pre-TIPS MELD score was 13.9 ± 3.5. Before TIPS, 18 patients (21%) had a history of portosystemic encephalopathy (PSE). Sixteen patients (19%) had severe portal vein thrombosis (PVT). After TIPS, the portosystemic pressure gradient (PSG) decreased from 15.6 ± 4.5 to 6.5 ± 2.6 mm Hg (p<0.001). In 3 patients (3.5%) with severe PVT, VCX was directly dilated to 10 mm diameter reaching the hemodynamic target (PSG < 12 mmHg and/or PSG reduction ≥ 40%). In 82 patients, VCX was initially dilated to 8 mm achieving hemodynamic success in 77; in the 5 remaining patients (6%) not reaching the hemodynamic target, VCX was further dilated to 10 mm with a final PSG < 12 mmHg. Mean follow-up was 10.5 ± 8.3 months (0. Purpose: To investigate the potential and limits of US fusion imaging (US-FI) in the percutaneous ablation of hepatic malignancies, assessing when this technology is essential, calculating its impact on the timing of the procedure. Material and methods: 16 consecutive patients were prospectively enrolled and a total of 34 lesions (28 hepatocellular carcinomas, 6 metastases) were treated by percutaneous radiofrequency ablation or ethanol injection with US-FI guidance. Main clinical, laboratory and CT/MR imaging parameters were evaluated before and after the procedure. At the end of every single ablation, a score survey (from 1 to 10) was submitted to the radiologist. Timings of the procedure were collected. Results: 30% of the lesions were local recurrence of a previous ablation; in these cases, US-FI was judged to be more useful than in primary treated lesions (p=0.021). Complete ablation was achieved in 88% of cases. US-FI was more useful when the lesion was not conspicuous in B-mode (p<0.001). US-FI significantly changed the perception of lesion size in 70% of cases. The overall confidence of the operator was highly increased by US-FI in 68% of the procedures. Mean duration of the entire procedure was 17m and 50s. In 71% of cases, the radiologist had the perception of having spared time using US-FI, especially in local recurrence treatment (p=0.024). Conclusion: US-FI increases the conspicuity of target lesions and the confidence of the operator. US-FI is particularly useful for the targeting of less conspicuous lesions and for the treatment of recurrences of previously ablated lesions. In these cases, US-FI is a time-sparing method.

SS 8.3
The role of read-out segmented echo-planar imagingbased diffusion-weighted imaging in evaluating tumour response of locally advanced rectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy L. Yang, B. Wu; Chengdu/CN Purpose: To evaluate the role of diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) based on read-out segmented echo-planar imaging (rs-EPI) in assessing tumor response after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). Material and methods: 63 LARC who received neoadjuvant CRT and surgery were enrolled retrospectively. They all underwent pre-and post-CRT MR examinations, including DWI using rs-EPI. According to pathological results, patients were grouped as pathological complete responder (pCR, n=16) and non-pCR (n=47). Visual assessment of residual tumor and whole-tumor histogram analysis of pre-and post-CRT apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map was performed by two radiologists, and tumor volume on ADC map was also recorded.

SS 8.7
Predicting response to therapy in locally advanced rectal cancer: radiomic analysis from MRI M. Micilotta  Purpose: Evaluate the accuracy and the prognostic role of MR tumor regression grade (TRG) after neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy (RCT) in locally advanced rectal cancers (LARC) using T2 plus diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) sequences (mrTRG_DWI) comparing to standard T2-only mrTRG and pathological TRG (pTRG). Material and methods: 36 patients were enrolled in this retrospective study, all underwent a pre-and post-CRT conventional MRI study followed by surgical resection with a median 36-month follow-up. A 5-point mrTRG and mrTRG_DWI were assessed by two expert radiologists and finally compared with pTRG. Results: Concordance between mrTRG and pTRG was low (k=0.45); concordance between mrTRG_DWI and pTRG was good (k=0.73), with an AUROC of 0.85 and 0.92, respectively. The mrTRG_DWI had a sensibility and specificity, respectively, of 90% and 75%, with a correct diagnosis in 83% patients. Kaplan-Meier and log-rank tests showed a reduction of disease free survival for any increase of the TRG_DWI (p=0.004). Conclusion: mrTRG_DWI is a valid system to assess chemoradiotherapy response and a prognostic factor. Our results suggest to implementing mrTRG_ DWI in larger and prospective correlative studies as a tool to select patients for whom deferred surgery may be appropriate.

SS 8.9
Complete response evaluation of locally advanced rectal cancer to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy using textural features on MRI S. Azamat Conclusion: Endovascular revascularization is highly feasible for the treatment of arterial AMI, and is associated with an acceptable rate of complications. These results can only be interpreted in the context of an integrated multidisciplinary and dedicated management of patients that limits the need for bowel resection, and leads to good survival rates.

SS 9.5
CT angiography for overt GI bleeding: extravasation volume correlates with prognosis and bleeding rate J.R. Tse, J. Shen, D. Fleischmann, A. Kamaya; Stanford, CA/US Purpose: To measure the extravasation volume of first-pass CTA in patients with overt GI bleeding (GIB) and to correlate volume with clinical outcomes. Material and methods: In this retrospective, IRB-approved and HIPAA-compliant study, we reviewed all patients from 1/2014 to 7/2019 who presented with overt GIB and had active extravasation on CTA. Extravasation volume (EV) was calculated using 3D segmentation software. Imaging data were correlated with clinical data, including if further workup was pursued, active bleeding was identified, and blood transfusions were required following CTA. Results: 50 consecutive patients met inclusion criteria, corresponding to 6 (12%) upper, 18 (36%) small bowel, and 26 (52%) lower GIB. 42 patients underwent further workup with catheter angiography, endoscopy, or surgery, with a median elapsed time of 9 hours between CTA and further workup. Of 42, 16 (38%) had active bleeding intra-operatively and all underwent intervention with successful hemostasis. Arterial extravasation volume was 2.72±2.97 mL for those with active bleeding and 0.76±1.01 mL for those without (p=0.0009). Using a threshold volume of 0.80 mL, the odds ratio of requiring massive transfusion was 7.0 (95% confidence interval 1.9-26; p=0.004), identifying active bleeding was 11.8 (2.6-54; p=0.002), and therapeutic yield was 6.8 (1.5-30; p=0.01). Using a previously described mathematical model, bleeding rate can be estimated from extravasation volume and attenuation, and the lower limit of detected bleeding rate was calculated to be < 0.1 mL/minute. Conclusion: Larger extravasation volumes may be used to triage patients who require additional management and improve therapeutic yield. Current CTAs can detect bleeding rates lower than 0.1 mL/minute.

SS 9.6
Severe ischemic colitis: CT findings and histopathological correlation V.

Lille/FR
Purpose: To identify CT findings in patients with acute ischemic colitis (AIC) surgically treated and to correlate them with the severity of the colonic necrosis in histopathology. Material and methods: CT data of 50 consecutive patients with AIC surgically treated were independently reviewed retrospectively by 3 radiologists. Histopathological slides were reviewed by an experimented pathologist to assess patients with no or limited necrosis to the mucosa or submucosa and those with extended necrosis and to compare CT features in each group. Interobserver agreement (K) was assessed for each CT finding. Results: Twenty-five patients (50%) were classified as group limited necrosis and 25 patients (50%) as group extended necrosis. The most frequent CT signs observed were the abnormal wall enhancement (76%) and colon wall thickening or thinning (82 and 70%, respectively). Parietal pneumatosis (PP) was found in 8 patients (32%) of the group extended necrosis against 2 (8%) in the group limited necrosis (p: 0.024) with a sensibility for detection of extended necrosis of 0.32 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.15 -0.53) and a specificity of 0.92 (95% CI, 0.74 -0.99).Portomesenteric venous gas (PVMG) was mostly seen in the group with limited necrosis (5/6 patients, K: 1). Three cases of increased unenhanced colonic wall attenuation and 3 of intra-luminal blood clot were observed. Conclusion: PP is a significant sign of severe colonic necrosis in the clinical context of AIC. Isolated PVMG should be considered carefully because it could be associated with less extensive necrosis.

SS 9.7
CT diagnosis of closed loop bowel obstruction mechanism is not sufficient to indicate emergent surgery C. Rondenet

Paris/FR, 2 Montpellier/FR
Purpose: To identify CT findings associated with successful conservative treatment of closed loop small bowel obstruction (CL-SBO) due to adhesions or internal herniation. Material and methods: The local institutional review board approved this study while waiving informed consent. Clinical and CT data were collected retrospectively for 96 consecutive patients with a CT diagnosis of CL-SBO due to adhesions or internal herniation established by experienced radiologists who had no role in patient management. Mechanical obstruction with at least two transition zones on the bowel at a single site defined CL-SBO. Two radiologists blinded to patient data independently performed a retrospective review of the CT scans. The patient groups with successful versus failed initial conservative therapy were compared. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to look for CT findings associated with successful conservative therapy. Interobserver agreement was assessed for each CT finding. Results: Of the 96 patients, 34 (35%) underwent immediate surgery and 62 (65%) received first-line conservative treatment, which succeeded in 19 (31%) and failed in 43 (69%). The distance between the transition zones was the only independent predictor of successful conservative therapy (odds ratio, 4.6 when ≥8 mm; 95% confidence interval [95%CI], 1.2-18.3). A distance ≥ 8 mm had 84% (95%CI, 60-97) sensitivity and 46% (95% CI, 31-62) specificity for successful conservative treatment. The correlation coefficient for the distance between transition zones was fair (r=0.46). Conclusion: CL-SBO can resolve without surgery. When there is no CT sign of ischemia, the distance between the transition zones should be assessed.

SS 9.8
Artificial intelligence for small bowel obstruction on plain X-ray: Abdominal X-ray is often the first imaging test but there is usually a delay between acquisition and interpretation by a radiologist. This can lead to delay in diagnosis and management which is known to lead to poor patient outcomes including higher mortality. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential for faster automated identification of small bowel obstruction on abdominal X-rays using deep learning. Material and methods: A total of 990 abdominal X-rays were retrieved and labelled as either normal or demonstrating small bowel obstruction using a combination of the radiology report, surgical operation notes, subsequent CT scan reports, and additional radiology review. These were used to train, validate and test 5 convolutional neural networks. These were combined into a predictive ensemble model.
Results: The ensemble model achieved an area under the receiver operator curve (AUC) of 0.961, sensitivity of 91% and specificity of 93%. The model was able to make a prediction in approximately 146 milliseconds per image.
Conclusion: This study demonstrates that deep learning can be used with high accuracy and speed for the automated identification of small bowel obstruction on abdominal X-ray. This could be used to flag urgent findings to the radiologist or surgeon resulting in faster diagnosis and improved patient outcomes.

SS 9.9
Role of fast abdominal MRI protocol in emergency settings and new scanning techniques E. Siopis, F. Monetti, P.E. Orlandi, R. De Domenico, A. Perrone, M. Imbriani; Bologna/IT Purpose: Abdominal emergencies sometimes are a diagnostic challenge. CT is the imaging modality of choice in patients with uncertain US scan. Public awareness of ionizing radiation exposure has increased in recent years. The purpose of this study is to assess the role of a fast MRI protocol (about 10 minutes) using new technologies, as the first-line imaging method in abdominal emergencies and to show the radiological findings that allow the characterization of various pathologies seen in the emergency setting, particularly among a select patient population. Purpose: To identify preoperative gadoxetic acid-enhanced-MRI biomarkers for the prediction of early recurrence (2 years) after curative resection for liver imaging reporting and data system (LI-RADS) category 5 (LR-5) HCC. Material and methods: Between July 2015 and July 2018, this retrospective study evaluated consecutive treatment-naïve high-risk patients who underwent gadoxetic acid-enhanced MR examination within 1 month before surgical resection for HCC. Tumor recurrence was determined by clinical and imaging follow-up. All MR images were reviewed by three independent radiologists regarding the LI-RADS v2018 imaging features, LI-RADS categories and several non-LI-RADS imaging features of all high-risk lesions. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to analyze the predictors for early recurrence after hepatectomy.
Results: A total of 125 patients (99 men and 26 women, mean age: 49.84 ± 11.83 years) with 164 LR-5 HCCs (mean size: 6.0 ± 3.4 cm) were included; 62 (49.6%) patients experienced tumor early recurrence. The multivariate Cox hazards model revealed that corona enhancement (hazard ratio (HR), 2.180; p = 0.008), peritumoral hypointensity on hepatobiliary phase (HBP) (HR, 2.904; p = 0.000), multifocality (HR, 2.179; p = 0.003) and serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level > 400 ng/mL (HR, 2.182; p = 0.003) were independent risk factors for early recurrence. Further, AUC of the obtained predictive model was approximately 0.80 for the combination of three imaging biomarkers with or without the integration of AFP. Conclusion: In high-risk patients with LR-5 HCC, preoperative HBP peritumoral hypointensity, corona enhancement, multifocality and serum AFP can be used to effectively predict early recurrence after curative hepatectomy. Material and methods: The radiology reports for all AMRIs performed through May 2019, at a single referral center, were retrospectively reviewed. Each AMRI examination was scored as negative (no or only definitely benign observations), subthreshold (observations <10 mm) or positive (observations ≥ 10 mm, not definitely benign). Each patient was categorized as surveillance-negative, surveillance-subthreshold or surveillance-positive according to their highest AMRI score they had during the inclusion period. Blinded to those categories, each patient was classified as positive or negative for HCC using a composite reference standard that integrated all available clinical, imaging and pathology data. Results: 1160 AMRIs were performed in 561 patients. 185 (33%) patients were lost to follow-up. Of the remaining 376 patients, 295 (79%) were surveillancenegative, 23 (6%) surveillance-subthreshold, and 58 (15%) surveillance-positive. Based on the composite reference standard, 292/295 (99%) surveillance-negative and 20/23 (87%) surveillance-subthreshold patients were HCC-negative (true negatives); 29/58 (50%) of surveillance-positive patients were HCC-positive (true positives). Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of surveillance AMRI were 86%, 91% and 90%, respectively. Conclusion: Hepatobiliary-phase AMRI surveillance is feasible clinically in patients in whom US surveillance is compromised. Our preliminary single-center experience suggests it provides higher sensitivity (86% vs 78%) and specificity (98% vs 89%) [4] with a lower loss to follow-up (33% vs 38%) [5] than historically reported US surveillance.

SS 10.5
Can quantitative parameters derived from hepatobiliary phase predict tumour aggressiveness in patients with HCC? Z. Ye, B. Song; Chengdu/CN Purpose: To prospectively determine whether the quantitative imaging parameters derived from hepatobiliary phase (HBP) can be used for the preoperative prediction of HCC with highly aggressive characteristics. Material and methods: 103 patients with surgically proven HCC were included from July 2015 to June 2018. Signal intensity (SI) of liver and tumor was measured by two independent reviewers and quantitative parameters including relative tumor enhancement (RTE), tumor to liver contrast ratio (TLR), tumor enhancement index (TEI) and relative enhancement ratio (RER) were calculated. The aggressive characteristics of HCC were identified using Ki-67 labeling index (LI) and patients were classified into low-aggressive (Ki-67 LI ≤ 10%) and high-aggressive (Ki-67 LI > 10%) groups. Difference of quantitative parameters between two groups were assessed, and the correlation was explored. ROC analyses were used to evaluate the predictive performance of quantitative parameters. Results: RTE, TLR, TEI and RER were significantly lower in the high-aggressive group than the low-aggressive group (p < 0.05) and negative correlations were obtained between these quantitative parameters and Ki-67 LI (r ranges from -0.41 to -0.22, p < 0.05). TLR demonstrated the highest predictive performance with the AUC of 0.83 (95% CI: 0.75-0.90), sensitivity of 89.0% and specificity of 63.3%, and subsequent with RER, TEI, and RTE with AUC of 0.78 (95% CI: 0.68-0.85), 0.74 (95% CI: 0.64-0.82) and 0.68 (95% CI: 0.58-0.77), respectively. Good inter-observer and intra-observer agreements were found. Conclusion: TLR showed the highest predictive performance in highly aggressive HCC. Quantitative parameters based on HBP could preoperatively predict the aggressiveness of HCC.

SS 10.6
Long-term evolution of LR-2, LR-3 and LR-4 observations in cirrhotic patients with hepatitis C treated with direct-acting antivirals R. Cannella Inclusion criteria were i) cirrhosis or prior history of HCC; ii) available contrast-enhanced liver imaging studies (CT or MRI), iii) multiple follow-ups before and after DAA; iv) at least one indeterminate lesion before DAA. Two radiologists reviewed imaging studies, recorded major imaging features and categorized each lesion according to LI-RADSv2018. Differences in evolution before and after DAA were evaluated using the Pearson χ2 or Fisher's exact test. Cumulative risk of LR-5 was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method.

SS 11.6
Withdrawn by the authors SS 11.7 The role of gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI in predicting post-hepatectomy liver failure after major hepatic resection for colorectal cancer metastasis after chemotherapy and diagnosing chemotherapeuticassociated liver injuries L. Vercelli

SS 11.8
The value of MRI-defined sarcopenia in predicting hepatic decompensation and mortality in patients with chronic liver disease L. Beer, N. Bastati-Huber, M. Mandorfer, S. Pötter-Lang, K. Lampichler, D. Lauber, Y. Bican, B. Simbrunner, G. Semmler, M. Trauner, T. Reiberger, A. Ba-Ssalamah; Vienna/AT Purpose: To explore whether sarcopenia, diagnosed by an abbreviated MRI protocol is a risk factor for hepatic decompensation and mortality in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD). Material and methods: In this retrospective single-centre study, we included 265 patients (164 men, mean age 54 ±16 years) with CLD who had undergone MRI of the liver between 2010 and 2015. Transverse psoas muscle thickness (TPMT) was measured on unenhanced and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted and T2-weighted axial images. Sarcopenia was defined by height-adjusted and gender-specific cut-offs in women as TPMT <8mm/m and in men as TPMT <12mm/m, respectively. Patients were further stratified into three prognostic stages according to the absence of advanced fibrosis (FIB-4<1.45, non-advanced CLD), compensated-advanced CLD (cACLD); and decompensatedadvanced CLD (dACLD Takatsuki/JP Purpose: An important negative prognostic factor for adenocarcinomas of the pancreas and periampullary region is the presence of para-aortic lymph node (LN) metastases, which are regarded as distant metastases. Determining LN status is challenging but may be possible with MRI with ultra-small superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) particles, which have proven valuable for detecting LN metastases of solid tumors. The aim is to validate USPIO-MRI for pathology in patients with pancreatic or periampullary cancer. Material and methods: Analysis of an ongoing feasibility study in patients undergoing resection of pancreatic or periampullary adenocarcinoma (N=14). LNs are scored on MRI, divided between regional and distant, and matched to histopathology of resected specimens. Results: One patient was excluded due to perioperative peritoneal metastases. In the remaining 13 patients, in total 307 LNs were detected on MRI. In total, 293 LNs were analyzed histopathologically. On MRI, 28/78 regional and 58/229 distant LNs were suspected for metastases. On histopathology, 35/260 regional and 3/33 distant LNs were positive for metastases. Not all suspected distant LNs were resected. The regional LNs were assessed on a per-patient basis. Five patients had suspicious LNs with positive LNs histopathologically, 4 patients had negative LNs on MRI, but positive LNs histopathologically and 4 patients had negative LNs on MRI with negative LNs histopathologically.

Conclusion:
The preliminary results show that on patient basis it is possible to detect regional LN metastases with USPIO-MRI. Further analysis of the data, including node-to-node analysis and follow-up, will provide more insight into the value of USPIO-MRI in these patients.

SS 12.10
Intestinal type ampullary adenocarcinoma vs. Purpose: To prospectively assess hepatocellular adenomas (HCA) smaller than 5 cm during pregnancy. Material and methods: This is a multicenter prospective cohort study in pregnant women with suspicion of HCA smaller than 5 cm on imaging. Growth of HCA was closely monitored with US throughout pregnancy. Final diagnosis was based on MRI with hepatobiliary contrast or biopsy, preferably before pregnancy.
Results: 18 of 66 women were excluded from analysis because postpartum late contrast enhancement (LCE)-MRI did not confirm the diagnosis of HCA and showed the lesion to be focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH). The remaining 48 with a LCE-MRI confirming HCA were followed during 51 pregnancies. Median age was 30 years (IQR 27-33) and BMI 31.9 kg/m2 (IQR 26.3-36.6). Growth of HCA was seen in 13 of the pregnancies (25.5%); the median increase was 14mm . One woman whose HCA grew to >70mm successfully underwent transarterial embolization at week 26 of pregnancy to prevent further growth. The other 50 pregnancies proceeded without complications.
Conclusion: This study suggests that a HCA <5cm bears minimal risk for a pregnant woman and none for the child. As in a quarter of the cases the HCA increased in size during pregnancy, we recommend close monitoring with US examinations, enabling intervention if needed. In light of the large proportion of misdiagnosed HCA, LCE-MRI should be performed to prevent unnecessary anxiety in women with a benign liver lesion. Material and methods: Thirty-four patients (31 women (91%), median age 43.5 years ) with 45 pathologically proven and subtyped HCAs (including 29 inflammatory HCAs (I-HCA) and 15 HNF1-α-inactivated HCAs (H-HCA)) who underwent CEUS were included. The features of HCA on B-mode and CEUS were independently reviewed by two radiologists and compared between HCA subtypes. Results: I-HCAs were either hypoechoic (23/29, 79%) or isoechoic (4/29, 14%) with B-mode and 12 (41.4%) were heterogeneous. All H-HCAs except one demonstrated homogeneous hyperechogenicity (93%) (p=0.001). Moderate or marked liver steatosis was only observed in I-HCAs (12/29, 41%) (p=0.001). Arterial hyperenhancement was observed on CEUS in 27/29 (93%) I-HCAs and in 14/15 (93%) H-HCAs (p=0.98). Washout was present in 6/29 (21%) I-HCAs and 1/15 (7%) H-HCAs (p=0.27). A total of 23/29 (79%) I-HCAs and 15/15 (100%) HCAs were homogeneous on portal and delayed phase acquisitions (p=0.04). The positive predictive value for identifying an H-HCA was 100% when the lesion was homogeneous and hyperechoic on B-mode, and the negative predictive value was 100% if neither of these two features was present in a liver with obvious steatosis. Conclusion: Most CEUS features, especially enhancement patterns, do not significantly differ between HCAs. CEUS does not seem to provide additional information from B-mode US. The combination of B-mode lesion hyperechogenicity, homogeneity and the absence of obvious liver steatosis is useful to distinguish H-HCAs from I-HCAs.

Clichy/FR
Purpose: To investigate the gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI findings of hepatocellular adenomas (HCAs) in patients with glycogen storage disease type 1 (GSD1). Material and methods: All consecutive GSD1 patients with HCAs studied with gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI were retrospectively included. Qualitative MRI analysis of the HCAs in the various sequences and contrast phases was performed.

SS 13.4
Stereotactic body radiation therapy for HCC: multiparametric MRI to evaluate response to treatment and progression-free survival R. Faletti, F. Guarasci, V. Ruggeri, M. Gatti, P. Fonio; Turin/IT Purpose: To outline the role of multiparametric MR (mpMR) in the assessment of HCC response to stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). Material and methods: Twenty-six patients (19M and 7 F; average age 63.7 y.o.) were retrospectively enrolled for a total of 42 lesions. MpMR was performed with 1.5 T scanner and gadoxetic acid. Images were evaluated by two different readers. The continuous variables were subjected to the Shapiro-Wilk normality test; Wilcoxon test was used for the comparison between paired variables, while the Mann-Whitney test was used for the independent variables; progression-free survival (PFS) was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier curves.
Results: Comparison between pre-SBRT and post-SBRT shows different significant features at 1st mpMR: arterial tissue enhancement (18.9 vs 8.4 mm; p < 0.0001), diameter (20.3 vs 16.5 mm; p < 0.0001), T2w intensity (21 vs 8 lesions; p 0.006), DWI intensity (26 vs 8 lesions; p < 0.0001) and ADC value (1.0 vs 1.4; p < 0.0001). The only feature significantly changed at 2nd mpMR was diameter (16.5 vs 12.4 mm; p 0.008). According to mRECIST at 1st mpMR were found 2 cases of infield progression (5%) and 9 cases of outfield progression (21%). The Kaplan-Meier curve demonstrates a progressive reduction in the PFS, which reaches a plateau around 24 months. Conclusion: The role of SBRT for the treatment of HCC is still not clearly defined. MpMR can provide early indications of treatment efficacy, in particular through DWI. SBRT is a valid alternative to other locoregional therapies, demonstrating excellent performance in terms of local disease control.

SS 13.5
Can intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging be used for preoperative assessment of microvascular invasion in HCC? T. Zhang, Y. Wei, B. Song; Chengdu/CN Purpose: To prospectively evaluate the potential role of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) and conventional radiologic features for preoperative prediction of microvascular invasion (MVI) in patients with HCC. Material and methods: A cohort comprising 115 patients with 135 newly diagnosed HCCs were evaluated. For all examinations, studies were carried out using a 3.0 T MR system. The IVIM-diffusion-weighted (DW) MR imaging was performed before the injection of contrast agents. Twelve b values from 0 to 1000 sec/mm 2 (0,10,20,40,80,100,150,200,400,600,800 and 1000 sec/ mm 2 ) were obtained. All the IVIM-DW images were analyzed by two independent radiologists blindly; the whole tumor volume was selected for the region of interest (ROI) measurement. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), ADC slow , ADC fast and f value were automatically calculated by the workstation, and the averaged value was used for further statistical analysis. Interobserver agreement was checked, and univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used for screening the risk factors. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves analyses were performed to evaluate the diagnostic performance.
Results: Features significantly related to MVI of HCC at univariate analysis were reduced ADC (odds ratio, 0.341; p<0.001), ADC slow (odds ratio, 0.141; p<0.001) and irregular circumferential enhancement (odds ratio, 9.908; p<0.001). At multivariate analysis, only ADC slow (odds ratio, 0.096; p<0.001) was the independent risk factor for MVI of HCC. The mean ADC slow value for MVI of HCC showed an area under ROC curves of 0.815 (95% CI: 0.740-0.877).

Conclusion:
The results of the preliminary study have demonstrated that the decreased ADCslow value was an independent risk factor for predicting MVI of HCC.

SS 13.6
Evaluation of a serum tumour marker-based recurrence prediction model after radiofrequency ablation for very early/early-stage HCC D.H. Lee, J. Yoo; Seoul/KR Purpose: A recent study showed that serum tumor marker-based MoRAL score (11×√[PIVKA-II] + 2×√[AFP]) can reflect the aggressiveness of HCCin explant liver. The present study aimed to evaluate whether baseline MoRAL score could predict tumor recurrence after radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for very early/ early-stage HCC. Material and methods: A total of 576 HCC patients who underwent RFA as initial treatment were enrolled from two tertiary-referral hospitals (256 patients in the development cohort and 320 patients in the validation cohort). The primary endpoint was recurrence-free survival (RFS) and the secondary endpoints included cumulative risks of intrahepatic distant recurrence (IDR) and extrahepatic metastasis (EM). Results: In development cohort, MoRAL score was an independent prognostic factor of RFS (p=0.02). The optimal cutoff-MoRAL score for predicting RFS was 68. Patients with high MoRAL score (>68) showed significantly shorter RFS than did those with low MoRAL score (hazard ratio [HR]=2.09, p<0.001). The five-year RFS rates were 32.3% and 53.2% in high-and low-MoRAL groups, respectively. To determine whether texture features on pretreatment contrast material-enhanced CT images can predict treatment response to trans-arterial chemoembolization (TACE) in patients with HCC. Material and methods: 97 patients with HCC treated with TACE, between September 2012 and August 2018, were retrospectively evaluated. Inclusion criteria for this study were available pretreatment laboratory exams and clinical data, pre-treatment CT performed in our hospital, absence of portal vein thrombosis and available post-treatment CT at 1-6 months from the procedure with no other pharmacological or interventional intercorring treatments. 41 pts met the inclusion criteria and were enrolled in the study. CT texture analysis was performed on pretreatment portal venous images and CT texture first-level features at different anatomic scales, ranging from fine to coarse texture, were analyzed. Post-treatment CT images were evaluated using modified RECIST criteria. A univariate analysis was performed via an appropriate test (Chi2, Mann-Whitney U, two-tailed paired T test) to identify those variables which differed significantly (p<0.05) in the two populations of complete responders and partial/non-responders. Optimal cut-off values were defined using ROC curves. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 24. Results: Standard deviation, entropy, mpp, skewness and kurtosis variables resulted statistically significant between the two groups. A prediction model for complete response, using multivariate logistic regression with forward stepwise selection, was efficiently developed (AUC=0.702; p<0.001).
Conclusion: Pretreatment CT texture analysis features alone can help to predict complete responders from partial/non-responder patients to TACE treatment for HCC. Purpose: It has previously been shown that CT scans performed for other indications can be used to identify patients with osteoporosis. This has not yet been tested in a British population. We sought to evaluate the use of vertebral CT attenuation measures for predicting osteoporosis in a British cohort, using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) as a reference standard. Material and methods: Patients who underwent abdominal CT in 2018, and concomitantly underwent DEXA within a six-month interval, were retrospectively included. CT attenuation values in Hounsfield units (HU) were measured on the sagittal reconstruction by the placement of a region-of-interest at the central portion of the L1 vertebral body, and then compared to their corresponding DEXA score. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to evaluate the performance of a logistic regression model, and to determine sensitivity and specificity thresholds. Results: 536 patients (394 females, mean age 65.8) were included, of which 174 had DEXA-defined osteoporosis. L1 attenuation measures were significantly different (p<0.01) between the three DEXA-defined groups of osteoporosis (118HU), osteopenia (143HU) and normal bone density (178HU). The area under the ROC curve was 0.74 (95% CI 0.69 -0.78). A threshold of 169HU was 90% sensitive and a threshold of 104HU was 90% specific for diagnosing osteoporosis.
Conclusion: Routine abdominal CT can be used to opportunistically screen for osteoporosis without additional cost or radiation exposure. The thresholds identified in this study are comparable with previous studies in other populations. We recommend radiologists engage with primary care and rheumatology providers to determine appropriate cut-off values for further investigation.

SS 14.2
Improved display of hepatic arterial anatomy using differential subsampling with Cartesian ordering with gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI: comparison with single arterial phase MRI and CT angiography Y. Wei, B. Song; Chengdu/CN Purpose: To prospectively evaluate whether multiple arterial phase (MAP) images from patients who underwent differential subsampling with Cartesian ordering (DISCO) acquisition would improve the hepatic arterial display compared with single arterial phase (SAP) and CT angiography (CTA). Material and methods: From 08/2017 to 08/2018, prospectively acquired data of 130 patients who were divided into two study parts were analyzed. Two readers independently assessed the hepatic arterial display on a four-point scale. The kappa test was used to determine the interobserver agreement. Chisquare or Fisher's exact test was used for the categorical variables. Student's t test or the Mann-Whitney U test was used for the comparison of the motion artifacts. Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the difference between arterial displays.
Results: A moderate-to-excellent interobserver agreement was obtained for hepatic arterial display (all kappa values > 0.65). For study part I, the mean arterial display scores for the common hepatic artery (CHA), proper hepatic artery (PHA), left hepatic artery (LHA), right hepatic artery (RHA), left gastric artery (LGA) and gastroduodenal artery (GDA) obtained with DISCO were higher than those obtained with SAP imaging (all p<0.01). For study part II, comparable image quality for the arterial display of CHA (p=0.798), PHA (p=0.935), LHA (p=0.122), RHA (p=0.809), LGA (p=0.710) and GDA (p=0.659) was obtained with DISCO and CTA. Conclusion: In conclusion, the use of MAP acquisition with DISCO is superior to the use of SAP in hepatic arterial display and compares favorably with CTA; in the future, DISCO possibly can replace the latter ionization-related method to provide a more comprehensive evaluation of the liver lesions.