Articles

Diagnostic value of alternative techniques to gadolinium-based contrast agents in MR neuroimaging—a comprehensive overview

Gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) increase lesion detection and improve disease characterization for many cerebral pathologies investigated with MRI. These agents, introduced in the late 1980s, are in w...

Authors: Anna Falk Delgado, Danielle Van Westen, Markus Nilsson, Linda Knutsson, Pia C. Sundgren, Elna-Marie Larsson and Alberto Falk Delgado

Perinatal post-mortem ultrasound (PMUS): radiological-pathological correlation

There has been an increasing demand and interest in post-mortem imaging techniques, either as an adjunct or replacement for the conventional invasive autopsy. Post-mortem ultrasound (PMUS) is easily accessible...

Authors: Susan C. Shelmerdine, Neil J. Sebire and Owen J. Arthurs

Magnetic resonance imaging of the papillary muscles of the left ventricle: normal anatomy, variants, and abnormalities

Left ventricular papillary muscles are small myocardial structures that play an important role in the functioning of mitral valve and left ventricle. Typically, there are two groups of papillary muscles, namel...

Authors: Prabhakar Rajiah, Nicholas Lim Fulton and Michael Bolen

Role of imaging in the evaluation of vascular complications after liver transplantation

Clinical manifestations of liver transplantation complications can be subtle and non-specific. Medical imaging, mainly Doppler ultrasound, plays an important role to detect and grade these. Colour Doppler ultr...

Authors: Juan-José Delgado-Moraleda, Carmen Ballester-Vallés and Luis Marti-Bonmati

Primary myelofibrosis: spectrum of imaging features and disease-related complications

Primary myelofibrosis is a chronic clonal stem cell disorder that results in a build-up of marrow fibrosis and dysfunction, hypermetabolic states, and myeloid metaplasia. The clinical and radiological conseque...

Authors: Sheng Fei Oon, Dalveer Singh, Teng Han Tan, Allan Lee, Geertje Noe, Kate Burbury and Joseph Paiva

The Charcot foot: a pictorial review

Charcot foot refers to an inflammatory pedal disease based on polyneuropathy; the detailed pathomechanism of the disease is still unclear. Since the most common cause of polyneuropathy in industrialized countr...

Authors: Andrea B. Rosskopf, Christos Loupatatzis, Christian W. A. Pfirrmann, Thomas Böni and Martin C. Berli

Technique, protocols and adverse reactions for contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM): a systematic review

We reviewed technical parameters, acquisition protocols and adverse reactions (ARs) for contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM). A systematic search in databases, including MEDLINE/EMBASE, was performed ...

Authors: Moreno Zanardo, Andrea Cozzi, Rubina Manuela Trimboli, Olgerta Labaj, Caterina Beatrice Monti, Simone Schiaffino, Luca Alessandro Carbonaro and Francesco Sardanelli

Anatomical variation in the ankle and foot: from incidental finding to inductor of pathology. Part I: ankle and hindfoot

Accessory anatomical structures in the ankle and foot usually represent incidental imaging findings; however, they may also eventually represent a source of pathology, such as painful syndromes, degenerative c...

Authors: Maria Pilar Aparisi Gómez, Francisco Aparisi, Alessandra Bartoloni, Maria Alejandra Ferrando Fons, Giuseppe Battista, Giuseppe Guglielmi and Alberto Bazzocchi

Anatomical variation in the ankle and foot: from incidental finding to inductor of pathology. Part II: midfooot and forefoot

Accessory anatomical structures in the ankle and foot usually represent incidental imaging findings; however, they may also eventually represent a source of pathology, such as painful syndromes, degenerative c...

Authors: Maria Pilar Aparisi Gómez, Francisco Aparisi, Alessandra Bartoloni, Maria Alejandra Ferrando Fons, Giuseppe Battista, Giuseppe Guglielmi and Alberto Bazzocchi

Imaging of brown tumours: a pictorial review

Brown tumours do not represent neoplastic process, but they are focal bony lesions due to bone remodelling from either primary or secondary hyperparathyroidism. Their incidence is also low. The current literat...

Authors: Cheng Xie, Maria Tsakok, Nia Taylor and Karen Partington

MRI of the axial skeleton in spondyloarthritis: the many faces of new bone formation

Spondyloarthritis has two hallmark features: active inflammation and structural lesions with new bone formation. MRI is well suited to assess active inflammation, but there is increasing interest in the role o...

Authors: Frederiek Laloo, Nele Herregods, Jacob L. Jaremko, Philippe Carron, Dirk Elewaut, Filip Van den Bosch, Koenraad Verstraete and Lennart Jans

Does learning from mistakes have to be painful? Analysis of 5 years’ experience from the Leeds radiology educational cases meetings identifies common repetitive reporting errors and suggests acknowledging and celebrating excellence (ACE) as a more positive way of teaching the same lessons

The Royal College of Radiologists (RCR) and General Medical Council (GMC) encourage learning from mistakes. But negative feedback can be a demoralising process with adverse implications for staff morale, clini...

Authors: Andrew Koo and Jonathan T. Smith

Diffuse smoking-related lung diseases: insights from a radiologic-pathologic correlation

Cigarettes are well-recognized risk factors responsible for the emergence of a variety of pathologic conditions affecting both the airways and the lungs. Smoking-related lung diseases can be classified as chro...

Authors: Célia Sousa, Márcio Rodrigues, André Carvalho, Bárbara Viamonte, Rui Cunha, Susana Guimarães, Conceição Souto de Moura, António Morais and José Miguel Pereira

Updated WHO nomenclature of head and neck lesions and associated imaging findings

This article reviews the imaging features of head and neck lesions with updated 2017 World Health Organization (WHO) nomenclature. The major WHO changes include refined terminology of existing entities, descri...

Authors: Nisa Oren, Anatoliy Vaysberg and Daniel T. Ginat

Imaging of non-neuronopathic Gaucher disease: recent advances in quantitative imaging and comprehensive assessment of disease involvement

Gaucher disease is an inherited metabolic disorder resulting in deficiency of lysosomal enzyme β-glucocerebrosidase causing the accumulation of abnormal macrophages (“Gaucher cells”) within multiple organs, mo...

Authors: Andrew J. Degnan, Victor M. Ho-Fung, Rebecca C. Ahrens-Nicklas, Christian A. Barrera, Suraj D. Serai, Dah-Jyuu Wang and Can Ficicioglu

The tip of the iceberg: lipomatous tumours presenting as abdominal or pelvic wall hernias

Liposarcomas are the most common soft tissue sarcoma. They occur mainly in the thigh or retroperitoneum. Due to their size, lipomatous tumours can herniate either through the abdominal wall or in the groin. Th...

Authors: Kirsten van Langevelde, Christine Azzopardi, Gareth Kiernan, Max Gibbons, Zsolt Orosz and James Teh

Patellar maltracking: an update on the diagnosis and treatment strategies

Patellar maltracking occurs as a result of an imbalance in the dynamic relationship between the patella and trochlea. This is often secondary to an underlying structural abnormality. The clinical evaluation ca...

Authors: Zaid Jibri, Paul Jamieson, Kawan S. Rakhra, Marcos L. Sampaio and Geoffrey Dervin

Current concepts in imaging and endovascular treatment of acute ischemic stroke: implications for the clinician

During the last decade, the management of acute ischemic stroke has changed dramatically, from an expectant bedside “wait and see” attitude towards active treatment, thanks to the continuous improvement of new...

Authors: Thijs van der Zijden, Annelies Mondelaers, Laetitia Yperzeele, Maurits Voormolen and Paul M. Parizel

Blood finds a way: pictorial review of thoracic collateral vessels

In the healthy patient, blood returns to the heart via classic venous pathways. Obstruction of any one of these pathways will result in blood flow finding new collateral pathways to return to the heart. Althou...

Authors: Thomas J. Marini, Komal Chughtai, Zachary Nuffer, Susan K. Hobbs and Katherine Kaproth-Joslin

Clinical evaluation of left ventricular function and morphology using an accelerated k-t sensitivity encoding method in cardiovascular magnetic resonance

To provide clinical validation of a recent 2D SENSE-based accelerated cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) sequence (accelerated k-t SENSE), investigating whether this technique accurately quantifies left v...

Authors: Antonildes Nascimento Assuncao-Jr, Roberto Nery Dantas-Jr, Renata Margarida do Val, Priscilla Gianotto, Angela dos Santos Marin, Mark Golden, Marco Antonio Gutierrez, Jose Rodrigues Parga and Cesar Higa Nomura

ESGAR 2019 Book of Abstracts

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DW-MRI of the breast: a pictorial review

In the current era of breast imaging, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has an important role. To get its specificity better, some supporting or cooperative tools might be needed. The search for new methods con...

Authors: Irmak Durur-Subasi

MRI imaging of soft tissue tumours of the foot and ankle

The majority of soft tissue lesions in the foot and ankle are benign. The aim of this review is to provide the reader with a comprehensive overview of the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics of th...

Authors: Peter Hughes, Rhian Miranda and Anthony J. Doyle

Role of magnetic resonance imaging in organ-preserving strategies for the management of patients with rectal cancer

Total mesorectal excision has been the most effective treatment strategy adopted to reduce local recurrence rates among patients with rectal cancer. The morbidity associated with this radical surgical procedur...

Authors: Cinthia D. Ortega and Rodrigo O. Perez

State of affairs of hybrid imaging in Europe: two multi-national surveys from 2017

To assess the current state of hybrid imaging in Europe with respect to operations, reading and reporting, as well as qualification and training.

Authors: Sergios Gatidis, Thomas Beyer, Minerva Becker, Katrine Riklund, Konstantin Nikolaou, Clemens Cyran and Christina Pfannenberg

An update on Burkitt lymphoma: a review of pathogenesis and multimodality imaging assessment of disease presentation, treatment response, and recurrence

Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is a highly aggressive, rapidly growing B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, which manifests in several subtypes including sporadic, endemic, and immunodeficiency-associated forms. Pathologically...

Authors: Kevin Kalisz, Francesco Alessandrino, Rose Beck, Daniel Smith, Elias Kikano, Nikhil H. Ramaiya and Sree Harsha Tirumani

Skull base ligamentous mineralisation: evaluation using computed tomography and a review of the clinical relevance

To determine the frequency, morphologic and demographic characteristics, and clinical relevance of the mineralisation of six skull base ligaments (interclinoid, caroticoclinoid, petrosphenoid, posterior petroc...

Authors: Philip Touska, Sultana Hasso, Alp Oztek, Fungayi Chinaka and Steve E. J. Connor

National audit on the appropriateness of CT and MRI examinations in Luxembourg

In Luxembourg, the frequency of CT and MRI examinations per inhabitant is among the highest in Europe. A national audit was conducted to evaluate the appropriateness of CT and MRI examinations according to the...

Authors: Aurélien Bouëtté, Alexandra Karoussou-Schreiner, Hubert Ducou Le Pointe, Martijn Grieten, Eric de Kerviler, Léon Rausin, Jean-Christophe Bouëtté and Patrick Majerus

Cryoablation and immunotherapy: an overview of evidence on its synergy

Cancer cells can escape the immune system by different mechanisms. The evasion of cancer cells from immune surveillance is prevented by immune checkpoint inhibitors, allowing the patient’s own immune system to...

Authors: B. M. Aarts, E. G. Klompenhouwer, S. L. Rice, F. Imani, T. Baetens, A. Bex, S. Horenblas, M. Kok, J. B. A. G. Haanen, R. G. H. Beets-Tan and F. M. Gómez

Neuroimaging assessment in Down syndrome: a pictorial review

Down syndrome (DS), or trisomy 21, is the leading genetic cause of intellectual incapacity worldwide, with a reported incidence of about 1 in 1,000 to 1 in 1,100 live births. Besides the several commonly known...

Authors: Marta Rodrigues, Joana Nunes, Sofia Figueiredo, António Martins de Campos and Ana Filipa Geraldo

The current status of radiological clinical audit - an ESR Survey of European National Radiology Societies

The importance of clinical audit in radiological practice is increasingly recognised and undertaking clinical audit “in accordance with national procedures” is mandatory for radiology departments within the Eu...

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The Current Status of Uptake of European BSS Directive (2013/59/Euratom) Requirements – Results of a Pilot Survey in European Radiology Departments with a Focus on Clinical Audit

The recently implemented European Council Basic Safety and Standards Directive (BSSD), 2013/59/Euratom lays down core radiation protection standards for European radiology departments, with a mandatory require...

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A systematic review on the use of the breast lesion excision system in breast disease

To outline the current status of and provide insight into possible future research on the breast lesion excision system (BLES) as a diagnostic and therapeutic device.

Authors: Wendelien B. G. Sanderink, Babette I. Laarhuis, Luc J. A. Strobbe, Ioannis Sechopoulos, Peter Bult, Nico Karssemeijer and Ritse M. Mann

Management of uterine adenomyosis: current trends and uterine artery embolization as a potential alternative to hysterectomy

Adenomyosis is a challenging clinical condition that is commonly being diagnosed in women of reproductive age. To date, many aspects of the disease have not been fully understood, making management increasingl...

Authors: Riham Dessouky, Sherif A. Gamil, Mohamad Gamal Nada, Rola Mousa and Yasmine Libda

Fasciae of the musculoskeletal system: MRI findings in trauma, infection and neoplastic diseases

The fascial system is a continuum of connective tissues present everywhere throughout the body that can be locally involved in a large variety of disorders. These disorders include traumatic disorders (Morel-L...

Authors: Thomas Kirchgesner, Cédric Tamigneaux, Souad Acid, Vasiliki Perlepe, Frédéric Lecouvet, Jacques Malghem and Bruno Vande Berg

Primary central nervous system post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders: the spectrum of imaging appearances and differential

Central nervous system post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (CNS-PTLD) is a rare disease that presents with non-specific signs and symptoms. The purpose of this article is to present the imaging appear...

Authors: Matthew L. White, Drew W. Moore, Yan Zhang, Keiper D. Mark, Timothy C. Greiner and Philip J. Bierman

Patient Safety in Medical Imaging: a joint paper of the European Society of Radiology (ESR) and the European Federation of Radiographer Societies (EFRS)

The fundamental professional roles of radiographers and radiologists are focused on providing benefit to patients with our skills, while maintaining their safety at all times. There are numerous patient safety...

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What the radiologist should know about artificial intelligence – an ESR white paper

This paper aims to provide a review of the basis for application of AI in radiology, to discuss the immediate ethical and professional impact in radiology, and to consider possible future evolution.

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The elbow: review of anatomy and common collateral ligament complex pathology using MRI

The elbow is a complex joint whose stability is imparted by osseous and soft-tissue constraints. Anatomical and biomechanical knowledge of the supporting structures that provide stability to the medial and lat...

Authors: José Acosta Batlle, Luis Cerezal, María Dolores López Parra, Beatriz Alba, Santiago Resano and Javier Blázquez Sánchez

The imaging appearances of various pericardial disorders

The pericardium could be involved in a variety of clinical disorders. The imaging findings are not specific for an individual pathology in most of the cases; however, patient’s clinical history may guide radio...

Authors: Emre Ünal, Musturay Karcaaltincaba, Erhan Akpinar and Orhan Macit Ariyurek

A closer look at the stoma: multimodal imaging of patients with ileostomies and colostomies

Nowadays, large numbers of ileostomies and colostomies are created during surgical management of a variety of intestinal disorders. Depending on indication, surgical technique and emergency versus elective con...

Authors: Massimo Tonolini

Mind the gap: imaging spectrum of abdominal ventral hernia repair complications

Ventral hernia repair with or without mesh placement is a commonly done procedure. Laparoscopic approach is more preferred than open in recent surgical practice. Complications occur as like any other abdominal...

Authors: Aruna R. Patil, Shrivalli Nandikoor, Himansu Shekar Mohanty, Satyajit Godhi and Ravishankar Bhat

The skin dose of pelvic radiographs since 1896

To derive conversions of antiquated exposure data into modern equivalents and to apply these in the assessment of the skin dose of pelvic radiographs since 1896.

Authors: Gerrit J. Kemerink, Gerhard Kütterer, Pierre J. Kicken, Jos M. A. van Engelshoven, Kees J. Simon and Joachim E. Wildberger

All about portal vein: a pictorial display to anatomy, variants and physiopathology

The portal vein (PV) is the main vessel of the portal venous system (PVS), which drains the blood from the gastrointestinal tract, gallbladder, pancreas, and spleen to the liver. There are several variants aff...

Authors: Carolina Carneiro, Jorge Brito, Carlos Bilreiro, Marta Barros, Carla Bahia, Inês Santiago and Filipe Caseiro-Alves

Imaging in the diagnosis of ulnar nerve pathologies—a neoteric approach

The ulnar nerve is a branch of the C8 and T1 nerve roots and arises from the medial cord of the brachial plexus. It supplies the intrinsic muscles of the hand and assists the median nerve in functioning of the...

Authors: Aakanksha Agarwal, Abhishek Chandra, Usha Jaipal and Narender Saini

Pre-operative apparent diffusion coefficient values and tumour region volumes as prognostic biomarkers in glioblastoma: correlation and progression-free survival analyses

Glioblastoma (GB) contains diverse histologic regions. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values are surrogates for the degree of number of cells within the tumour regions. Because an assessment of ADC value...

Authors: Coral Durand-Muñoz, Eduardo Flores-Alvarez, Sergio Moreno-Jimenez and Ernesto Roldan-Valadez

Perinatal post mortem ultrasound (PMUS): a practical approach

Declining rates of consent for standard perinatal autopsy has led to a rise in interest for postmortem imaging as an alternative, non-invasive method for investigation of childhood and perinatal deaths. Whilst...

Authors: Susan C. Shelmerdine, Neil J. Sebire and Owen J. Arthurs

Summary of the proceedings of the International Forum 2018: “Value-based radiology”

The International Forum, established by the European Society of Radiology (ESR), aims to discuss important topics in the field of radiology with radiological partner societies from outside Europe. Value-based ...

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Imaging of cranial nerves: a pictorial overview

The human body has 12 pairs of cranial nerves that control motor and sensory functions of the head and neck. The anatomy of cranial nerves is complex and its knowledge is crucial to detect pathological alterat...

Authors: Nicola Romano, Margherita Federici and Antonio Castaldi

Methodology for ESR iGuide content

The European Society of Radiology (ESR) considers the use of evidence-based referral guidelines in clinical practice essential to ensure the appropriate utilisation of medical imaging for patients. Since 2014,...

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