Articles

An update on Burkitt lymphoma: a review of pathogenesis and multimodality imaging assessment of disease presentation, treatment response, and recurrence

Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is a highly aggressive, rapidly growing B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, which manifests in several subtypes including sporadic, endemic, and immunodeficiency-associated forms. Pathologically...

Authors: Kevin Kalisz, Francesco Alessandrino, Rose Beck, Daniel Smith, Elias Kikano, Nikhil H. Ramaiya and Sree Harsha Tirumani

Skull base ligamentous mineralisation: evaluation using computed tomography and a review of the clinical relevance

To determine the frequency, morphologic and demographic characteristics, and clinical relevance of the mineralisation of six skull base ligaments (interclinoid, caroticoclinoid, petrosphenoid, posterior petroc...

Authors: Philip Touska, Sultana Hasso, Alp Oztek, Fungayi Chinaka and Steve E. J. Connor

National audit on the appropriateness of CT and MRI examinations in Luxembourg

In Luxembourg, the frequency of CT and MRI examinations per inhabitant is among the highest in Europe. A national audit was conducted to evaluate the appropriateness of CT and MRI examinations according to the...

Authors: Aurélien Bouëtté, Alexandra Karoussou-Schreiner, Hubert Ducou Le Pointe, Martijn Grieten, Eric de Kerviler, Léon Rausin, Jean-Christophe Bouëtté and Patrick Majerus

Cryoablation and immunotherapy: an overview of evidence on its synergy

Cancer cells can escape the immune system by different mechanisms. The evasion of cancer cells from immune surveillance is prevented by immune checkpoint inhibitors, allowing the patient’s own immune system to...

Authors: B. M. Aarts, E. G. Klompenhouwer, S. L. Rice, F. Imani, T. Baetens, A. Bex, S. Horenblas, M. Kok, J. B. A. G. Haanen, R. G. H. Beets-Tan and F. M. Gómez

Neuroimaging assessment in Down syndrome: a pictorial review

Down syndrome (DS), or trisomy 21, is the leading genetic cause of intellectual incapacity worldwide, with a reported incidence of about 1 in 1,000 to 1 in 1,100 live births. Besides the several commonly known...

Authors: Marta Rodrigues, Joana Nunes, Sofia Figueiredo, António Martins de Campos and Ana Filipa Geraldo

The current status of radiological clinical audit - an ESR Survey of European National Radiology Societies

The importance of clinical audit in radiological practice is increasingly recognised and undertaking clinical audit “in accordance with national procedures” is mandatory for radiology departments within the Eu...

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The Current Status of Uptake of European BSS Directive (2013/59/Euratom) Requirements – Results of a Pilot Survey in European Radiology Departments with a Focus on Clinical Audit

The recently implemented European Council Basic Safety and Standards Directive (BSSD), 2013/59/Euratom lays down core radiation protection standards for European radiology departments, with a mandatory require...

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A systematic review on the use of the breast lesion excision system in breast disease

To outline the current status of and provide insight into possible future research on the breast lesion excision system (BLES) as a diagnostic and therapeutic device.

Authors: Wendelien B. G. Sanderink, Babette I. Laarhuis, Luc J. A. Strobbe, Ioannis Sechopoulos, Peter Bult, Nico Karssemeijer and Ritse M. Mann

Management of uterine adenomyosis: current trends and uterine artery embolization as a potential alternative to hysterectomy

Adenomyosis is a challenging clinical condition that is commonly being diagnosed in women of reproductive age. To date, many aspects of the disease have not been fully understood, making management increasingl...

Authors: Riham Dessouky, Sherif A. Gamil, Mohamad Gamal Nada, Rola Mousa and Yasmine Libda

Fasciae of the musculoskeletal system: MRI findings in trauma, infection and neoplastic diseases

The fascial system is a continuum of connective tissues present everywhere throughout the body that can be locally involved in a large variety of disorders. These disorders include traumatic disorders (Morel-L...

Authors: Thomas Kirchgesner, Cédric Tamigneaux, Souad Acid, Vasiliki Perlepe, Frédéric Lecouvet, Jacques Malghem and Bruno Vande Berg

Primary central nervous system post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders: the spectrum of imaging appearances and differential

Central nervous system post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (CNS-PTLD) is a rare disease that presents with non-specific signs and symptoms. The purpose of this article is to present the imaging appear...

Authors: Matthew L. White, Drew W. Moore, Yan Zhang, Keiper D. Mark, Timothy C. Greiner and Philip J. Bierman

Patient Safety in Medical Imaging: a joint paper of the European Society of Radiology (ESR) and the European Federation of Radiographer Societies (EFRS)

The fundamental professional roles of radiographers and radiologists are focused on providing benefit to patients with our skills, while maintaining their safety at all times. There are numerous patient safety...

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What the radiologist should know about artificial intelligence – an ESR white paper

This paper aims to provide a review of the basis for application of AI in radiology, to discuss the immediate ethical and professional impact in radiology, and to consider possible future evolution.

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The elbow: review of anatomy and common collateral ligament complex pathology using MRI

The elbow is a complex joint whose stability is imparted by osseous and soft-tissue constraints. Anatomical and biomechanical knowledge of the supporting structures that provide stability to the medial and lat...

Authors: José Acosta Batlle, Luis Cerezal, María Dolores López Parra, Beatriz Alba, Santiago Resano and Javier Blázquez Sánchez

The imaging appearances of various pericardial disorders

The pericardium could be involved in a variety of clinical disorders. The imaging findings are not specific for an individual pathology in most of the cases; however, patient’s clinical history may guide radio...

Authors: Emre Ünal, Musturay Karcaaltincaba, Erhan Akpinar and Orhan Macit Ariyurek

A closer look at the stoma: multimodal imaging of patients with ileostomies and colostomies

Nowadays, large numbers of ileostomies and colostomies are created during surgical management of a variety of intestinal disorders. Depending on indication, surgical technique and emergency versus elective con...

Authors: Massimo Tonolini

Mind the gap: imaging spectrum of abdominal ventral hernia repair complications

Ventral hernia repair with or without mesh placement is a commonly done procedure. Laparoscopic approach is more preferred than open in recent surgical practice. Complications occur as like any other abdominal...

Authors: Aruna R. Patil, Shrivalli Nandikoor, Himansu Shekar Mohanty, Satyajit Godhi and Ravishankar Bhat

The skin dose of pelvic radiographs since 1896

To derive conversions of antiquated exposure data into modern equivalents and to apply these in the assessment of the skin dose of pelvic radiographs since 1896.

Authors: Gerrit J. Kemerink, Gerhard Kütterer, Pierre J. Kicken, Jos M. A. van Engelshoven, Kees J. Simon and Joachim E. Wildberger

All about portal vein: a pictorial display to anatomy, variants and physiopathology

The portal vein (PV) is the main vessel of the portal venous system (PVS), which drains the blood from the gastrointestinal tract, gallbladder, pancreas, and spleen to the liver. There are several variants aff...

Authors: Carolina Carneiro, Jorge Brito, Carlos Bilreiro, Marta Barros, Carla Bahia, Inês Santiago and Filipe Caseiro-Alves

Imaging in the diagnosis of ulnar nerve pathologies—a neoteric approach

The ulnar nerve is a branch of the C8 and T1 nerve roots and arises from the medial cord of the brachial plexus. It supplies the intrinsic muscles of the hand and assists the median nerve in functioning of the...

Authors: Aakanksha Agarwal, Abhishek Chandra, Usha Jaipal and Narender Saini

Pre-operative apparent diffusion coefficient values and tumour region volumes as prognostic biomarkers in glioblastoma: correlation and progression-free survival analyses

Glioblastoma (GB) contains diverse histologic regions. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values are surrogates for the degree of number of cells within the tumour regions. Because an assessment of ADC value...

Authors: Coral Durand-Muñoz, Eduardo Flores-Alvarez, Sergio Moreno-Jimenez and Ernesto Roldan-Valadez

Perinatal post mortem ultrasound (PMUS): a practical approach

Declining rates of consent for standard perinatal autopsy has led to a rise in interest for postmortem imaging as an alternative, non-invasive method for investigation of childhood and perinatal deaths. Whilst...

Authors: Susan C. Shelmerdine, Neil J. Sebire and Owen J. Arthurs

Summary of the proceedings of the International Forum 2018: “Value-based radiology”

The International Forum, established by the European Society of Radiology (ESR), aims to discuss important topics in the field of radiology with radiological partner societies from outside Europe. Value-based ...

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Imaging of cranial nerves: a pictorial overview

The human body has 12 pairs of cranial nerves that control motor and sensory functions of the head and neck. The anatomy of cranial nerves is complex and its knowledge is crucial to detect pathological alterat...

Authors: Nicola Romano, Margherita Federici and Antonio Castaldi

Methodology for ESR iGuide content

The European Society of Radiology (ESR) considers the use of evidence-based referral guidelines in clinical practice essential to ensure the appropriate utilisation of medical imaging for patients. Since 2014,...

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Characterization of radiographers’ mammography practice in five European countries: a pilot study

This pilot study aimed to characterize and compare radiographers’ mammography practice, including quality control and continuous professional development in five European countries.

Authors: Nicole Richli Meystre, Anja Henner, Cláudia Sà dos Reis, Bergliot Strøm, José A. Pires Jorge, Tiina Kukkes and Eija Metsälä

Vascular tumors in infants and adolescents

Malignant vascular tumors as part of the vascular anomalies spectrum are extremely rare in children and young adults. Instead, benign vascular neoplasias are frequently encountered in the pediatric patient pop...

Authors: Moritz Wildgruber, Maliha Sadick, René Müller-Wille and Walter A. Wohlgemuth

Multimodality imaging of paragangliomas of the head and neck

Paragangliomas arise from paraganglion cells which serve varied regulatory tasks in the body. When these cells demonstrate neoplasia within the head and neck, they typically present in characteristic locations...

Authors: Jarett Thelen and Alok A. Bhatt

How clinical imaging can assess cancer biology

Human cancers represent complex structures, which display substantial inter- and intratumor heterogeneity in their genetic expression and phenotypic features. However, cancers usually exhibit characteristic st...

Authors: Roberto García-Figueiras, Sandra Baleato-González, Anwar R. Padhani, Antonio Luna-Alcalá, Juan Antonio Vallejo-Casas, Evis Sala, Joan C. Vilanova, Dow-Mu Koh, Michel Herranz-Carnero and Herbert Alberto Vargas

IT development in radiology - an ESR update on the Digital Imaging Adoption Model (DIAM)

The Digital Imaging Adoption Model (DIAM), a joint project established in 2016 by the European Society of Radiology (ESR) and the Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society (HIMSS), is designed to a...

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ECR 2019: Book of Abstracts

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CT imaging findings of epiploic appendagitis: an unusual cause of abdominal pain

Epiploic appendagitis is a rare cause of acute abdominal pain, determined by a benign self-limiting inflammation of the epiploic appendages. It may manifest with heterogeneous clinical presentations, mimicking...

Authors: Dario Giambelluca, Roberto Cannella, Giovanni Caruana, Leonardo Salvaggio, Emanuele Grassedonio, Massimo Galia, Massimo Midiri and Giuseppe Salvaggio

Multimodality imaging of indolent B cell lymphoma from diagnosis to transformation: what every radiologist should know

Indolent B cell lymphomas are a group of lymphoid malignancies characterized by their potential to undergo histologic transformation to aggressive lymphomas. While different subtypes of indolent B cell lymphom...

Authors: Francesco Alessandrino, Pamela J. DiPiro, Jyothi P. Jagannathan, Gosangi Babina, Katherine M. Krajewski, Nikhil H. Ramaiya and Angela A. Giardino

Neuroimaging of acute and chronic unilateral and bilateral thalamic lesions

The thalami are bilateral ovoid grey matter cerebral structures bordering the third ventricle on both sides, which participate in functions such as relaying of sensory and motor signals, regulation of consciou...

Authors: C. Tuttle, J. Boto, S. Martin, I. Barnaure, A. M. Korchi, M. Scheffler and M. I. Vargas

How to manage accidental and unintended exposure in radiology: an ESR white paper

Since February 2018, the Directive 2013/59/EURATOM (EU-BSS) requires all EU member states to implement a system for recording and analysis of all accidental or unintended medical exposures (Article 63). An ESR...

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Pathology of the carotid space

The complex anatomy of the carotid space within a small confined area is unique to the head and neck and allows for a vast array of pathology. This paper will review the anatomy of the carotid space from the s...

Authors: Harris U. Chengazi and Alok A. Bhatt

Imaging of hip and thigh muscle injury: a pictorial review

Muscle injuries of the hip and thigh are a highly relevant issue in competitive sports imaging. The gold standard in diagnostic imaging of muscle injuries is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Radiologists need...

Authors: Kolja M. Thierfelder, Judith S. Gerhardt, Ioan N. Gemescu, Susan Notohamiprodjo, Christoph Rehnitz and Marc-André Weber

Role of MRI in staging and follow-up of endometrial and cervical cancer: pitfalls and mimickers

MRI plays important roles in endometrial and cervical cancer assessment, from detection to recurrent disease evaluation. Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common malignant tumor of the female genital tract i...

Authors: María Milagros Otero-García, Alicia Mesa-Álvarez, Olivera Nikolic, Patricia Blanco-Lobato, Marijana Basta-Nikolic, Rafael Menéndez de Llano-Ortega, Laura Paredes-Velázquez, Nikola Nikolic and Magda Szewczyk-Bieda

Pathophysiology of right ventricular failure in acute pulmonary embolism and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: a pictorial essay for the interventional radiologist

Pulmonary embolus (PE) is the third most common cause of cardiovascular death with more than 600,000 cases occurring in the USA per year. About 45% of patients with acute PE will have acute right ventricular f...

Authors: Yolanda C. Bryce, Rocio Perez-Johnston, Errol B. Bryce, Behrang Homayoon and Ernesto G. Santos-Martin

Can the imaging manifestations of melioidosis prognosticate the clinical outcome? A 6-year retrospective study

Melioidosis being an important cause of community-acquired sepsis, caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei in the tropical and subtropical countries, is often underreported or misinterpreted on imaging investigations...

Authors: Hannah L. Khiangte, Leena Robinson Vimala, Balaji Veeraraghavan, Binesh Lal Yesudhason and Reka Karuppusami

Interventional radiology in European radiology departments: a joint survey from the European Society of Radiology (ESR) and the Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiological Society of Europe (CIRSE)

To gather information from radiological departments in Europe about the organization and practice of interventional radiology (IR).

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Response evaluation after neoadjuvant treatment for rectal cancer using modern MR imaging: a pictorial review

In recent years, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) has become the standard of care for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. Until recently, patients routinely proceeded to surgical resection after C...

Authors: Doenja M. J. Lambregts, Thierry N. Boellaard and Regina G. H. Beets-Tan

Percutaneous consolidation of bone metastases: strategies and techniques

Patients with cancer can present with bone metastases (BM), which are frequently complicated by different types of fractures necessitating prompt management to avoid serious impairment in terms of quality of l...

Authors: Roberto Luigi Cazzato, Julien Garnon, Benham Shaygi, Emanuele Boatta, Guillaume Koch, Jean Palussiere, Xavier Buy and Afshin Gangi

Is the diagnostic radiological image an underutilised resource? Exploring the literature

The number of diagnostic imaging examinations being undertaken in the UK is rising. Due to the expensive nature of producing these examinations and the risks associated with exposing living tissue to the ionis...

Authors: William A. S. Cox, Penelope Cavenagh and Fernando Bello

Thyroglossal duct pathology and mimics

Congenital anterior neck masses comprise a rare group of lesions typically diagnosed in childhood. Most commonly, lesions are anomalies of the thyroglossal duct, namely the thyroglossal duct cyst, along with e...

Authors: Swapnil Patel and Alok A. Bhatt

Dural masses: meningiomas and their mimics

Meningiomas are the most common dural tumour. They are regularly being seen as an incidental finding on brain imaging and treated conservatively. However, there are many other dural masses which mimic their ap...

Authors: Daniel Lyndon, Joseph A. Lansley, Jane Evanson and Anant S. Krishnan

Significant incidental cardiac disease on thoracic CT: what the general radiologist needs to know

Incidental cardiac findings are often found on chest CT studies, some of which may be clinically significant. The objective of this pictorial review is to illustrate and describe the appearances and management...

Authors: Maren Krueger, Paul Cronin, Mohamed Sayyouh and Aine Marie Kelly

Correction to: A panorama of radial nerve pathologies- an imaging diagnosis: a step ahead

The original article [1] contained an omission in authorship detail; authors Aakanksha Agarwal and Abhishek Chandra are instead joint first authors.

Authors: Aakanksha Agarwal, Abhishek Chandra, Usha Jaipal and Narender Saini

MRI assessment of hepatocellular carcinoma after locoregional therapy

Liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) constitute one of the major causes of morbidity, mortality, and high health care costs worldwide. Multiple treatment options are available for HCC depending o...

Authors: Rasha S. Hussein, Wahid Tantawy and Yasser A. Abbas

Ultra-high-resolution subtraction CT angiography in the follow-up of treated intracranial aneurysms

In subtraction CT angiography (CTA), a non-contrast CT acquisition is subtracted from a contrast-enhanced CTA acquisition. Subtraction CTA can be applied in the detection, classification, and follow-up of intr...

Authors: Frederick J. A. Meijer, Joanne D. Schuijf, Joost de Vries, Hieronymus D. Boogaarts, Willem-Jan van der Woude and Mathias Prokop